Characteristics of the 49 included studies
| Author | Name of study | Diabetes definition | OA definition | STROBE study quality (%) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stürmer et al16 | Ulm OA | _ | Arthroplasty or KL ≥2 | 57 | NP DM/OA |
| Lanas et al21 | LOGICA | _ | _ | 63 | NP DM/OA |
| Reeuwijk et al23 | _ | _ | ACR | 77 | NP DM/OA |
| Adams et al26 | _ | HbA1c ≥6.5% or codes | _ | 88 | NP DM/OA |
| Shirinsky and Shirinsky28* | OAI | Codes | _ | NA | NP DM/OA |
| Jamsen et al43 | PERFECT | Codes or drugs prescription register | Codes | 67 | NP DM/OA |
| Baker et al45* | _ | _ | _ | NA | NP DM/OA |
| Peniston et al47 | _ | _ | KL ≥3, ACR | 58 | NP DM/OA |
| Philbin54 | _ | FBG >110 mg/dL on 2 samples taken at least 24 h apart | Questionnaire, radiological Danielson scale | 73 | NP2 |
| Denko et al56 | _ | _ | Pain and rx | 42 | Glyc in the OA population |
| Cimmino et al58 | _ | FBG ≥140 mg/dL (National Diabetes data group of the US National Institutes of Health (USA)+ WHO) | KL ≥2 and pain | 52 | NP2 and glyc in the OA and control populations |
| Lindberg and Nilssson59 | _ | _ | Rx before arthroplasty | 36 | NP2 |
| Dequeker et al60 | _ | _ | _ | 33 | Glyc in the OA and control populations |
| Rahman et al61 | CCHS | Questionnaire | Questionnaire | 73 | NP2 |
| Wang et al62* | _ | _ | Reported | NA | NP2 |
| Horn et al63 | _ | _ | KL | 55 | KL in the DM and non-DM, OA populations (semiquantitative scale) |
| Ray et al19 | _ | WHO criteria: FBG >7 mmol/L or 2 h PPFG glucose >11.1 mmol/L after oral glucose test or diabetes symptoms and FPG >11.1 mmol/L | Clinical, Rx, ACR | 50 | NP OA/DM |
| Sarkar et al22 | _ | FBG, PPBG and HbA1c | Clinical and Rx | 45 | NP OA/DM |
| Miksch et al24 | ELSID | Questionnaire | Questionnaire | 75 | NP OA/DM |
| Ladjimi et al55 | _ | Glyc and HbA1c | Clinical and Rx | 45 | NP2 |
| Nieves-Plaza et al57 | _ | National Diabetes Data Group Classification: symptoms+FBG >200 mg/dL or FBG >126 mg/dL or 2 h PPBG >200 mg/dL after an oral glucose test | ACR | 82 | NP2 |
| Inoue et al20 | Iwaki Health Promotion Project | HbA1c >5.8% | KL ≥2 | 69 | NP2 and HbA1c in the OA and non-OA populations |
| Puenpatom and Victor7 | NHANES III | FBG ≥110 mg/dL, codes, history of diabetes or drugs for diabetes | Codes, Rx or history of OA by physician | 69 | NP2 |
| Dahaghin et al25 | Rotterdam | FBG or PPBG ≥11.0 mmol/L or drugs for diabetes | KL ≥2 (hand Rx) and clinical (ACR) | 78 | NP2 |
| Martin et al27 | BLSA | FBG ≥140 mg/dL or 2 h PPBG ≥200 mg/dL or drugs for diabetes | KL ≥2 | 66 | FBG and PPBG in the OA and non-OA populations |
| Hart et al29 | _ | History of diabetes or FBG ≥12.8 mmol/L | KL ≥2 (knee Rx) | 78 | Glyc in the OA and/or DM population (semiquantitative scale) |
| Typpo31 | _ | Reported | Rx | 44 | NP2 |
| Schett et al10† | Bruneck study | FBG ≥7 mmol/L or 126 mg/dL, or drugs for diabetes or HbA1c ≥6.5% or PPBG ≥11.1 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL | Arthroplasty for hip or knee OA | 81 | NP2 and Glyc in the OA and non-OA populations |
| Navarro et al34* | _ | Database of public health service | _ | NA | NP2 |
| Orellana et al36* | _ | Database of public health service | _ | NA | NP2 |
| Anderson and Felson38 | HANES I | History of diabetes | KL ≥2 (knee Rx) and pain ≥1 month | 81 | OR of OA in the DM population |
| Silveri et al39 | _ | FBG | Clinical and Rx | 56 | NP2 |
| Perruccio et al40* | _ | Reported | _ | NA | NP DM/OA |
| Yoshimura et al8† | ROAD | HbA1c ≥5.5% or drugs for diabetes | KL ≥2 (knee Rx) | 91 | HbA1c in the OA and non-OA populations |
| Davies-Tuck et al44 | MCCS | FBG ≥7 mmol/L or reported (exclusion) | ACR | 73 | Glyc, cartilage volume and bone marrow lesions |
| Siviero et al46 | ILSA | FBG ≥140 mg/dL or drugs for diabetes | History and clinical | 55 | NP2 |
| Engstrom et al48 | MDC | FBG ≥5.6 mmol/L | Codes: arthroplasty for hip or knee OA | 79 | NP2 (data for knee and data for hip) |
| Frey et al17 | Rancho Bernardo Cohort | FBG ≥140 mmol/L twofold or PPBG ≥200 mg/dL after an oral glucose test | Clinical (nurse examination) or history of OA | 70 | NP2 (data for men and data for women) |
| Bagge et al49 | _ | FBG ≥8.3 mmol/L or drugs for diabetes | KL ≥2 (knee and hand) | 67 | NP OA/DM (but NP DM at baseline and NP OA at end point) |
| Haugen et al50 | Framingham | FBG ≥126 mg/dL or PPBG ≥200 mg/dL | Clinical and Rx (KL ≥2) | 84 | NP2 (data for radiological OA and symptomatic OA, exclusive groups) |
| Sowers et al51 | MBHMS | History of diabetes or drugs for diabetes or FBG >126 mg/dL | KL ≥2 (knee Rx) | 70 | Glyc for the OA and non-OA population |
| Visser et al52 53* | NEO | FBG ≥5.6 mmol/Lor drugs for diabetes | ACR | 84 | OR of Glyc and HbA1c in the OA population |
| Wang et al41 | Inner Mongolia OA Study | Questionnaire | Clinical and Rx (KL ≥2) | 69 | Number of patients with OA in the general population but no data on the number of patients with diabetes |
| Shin42 | KNHANES V-1 | FBG ≥100 mg/dL or drugs for diabetes | Rx (KL ≥2) | 74 | NP2 |
| Cimmino et al30 | AMICA | Questionnaire | ACR | 53 | NP DM/OA |
| Magnusson et al32 | MUST | Questionnaire | ACR and hand Rx (≥1 joint with KL ≥2) | 74 | NP DM/OA |
| Conaghan et al33 | SORT | Questionnaire | Clinical | 72 | NP DM/OA |
| Zullig et al35 | Patient and provider interventions for managing OA in primary care | Reported | ACR or Rx | 66 | NP DM/OA |
| Bija et al37 | – | Reported | ACR or Rx with KL but no cut-off (including KL=1) | 72 | NP DM/OA |
*Data only from abstract of congress.
†One cross-sectional study and one prospective study (the cross-sectional study was selected for analysis).
ACR, American College of Rheumatology criteria; CCHS, Canadian Community Health Survey; DM, diabetes mellitus; ELSID, Evaluation of a Large Scale Implementation of Disease Management Programmes for patients with type 2 diabetes; FBG, fasting blood glucose; Glyc, glycaemia; HANES I or NHANES III or KNHANES, The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I or III or Korean NHANES; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; ILSA, The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging; KL, Kellgren and Lawrence scale; MBHMS, Michigan Bone Health & Metabolism Study; MCCS, The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study; MDC, the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study; MUST, Musculoskeletal pain in Ullensaker study; NEO, The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity study; NA, not available; NP DM/OA, number of patients with DM in the OA population only; NP OA/DM, number of patients with OA in the DM population only; NP2, number of patients with OA and/or DM in the disease group and control group→ need to calculate prevalence and OR; OAI, Osteoarthritis Initiative; OA, osteoarthritis; PPBG, postprandial blood glucose; ROAD, Research on Osteoarthritis Against Disability; Rx, radiography; SORT, Study of osteoarthritis Real World Therapies; STROBE, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (NA if the data were issued only from congress).