First author (ref) | Type of cell | Participants | Findings |
Colin et al28 | IL-17+CD4+ T cells, IL-17+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells, IL22+CD4+ T cells, IL22+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells and TNFα+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells | Patients with recently diagnosed RA and healthy controls | IL-17+CD4+ T cells, IL-17+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells and IL-22+CD4+ T cells were increased in patients with recently diagnosed RA compared with healthy control. No differences in IL-22+CD4+CD45RO+ T and TNFα+CD4+CD45RO+ T cells |
Chalan et al9 | CD4+CD161+ T cells | Patients with newly diagnosed RA | Decreased in newly diagnosed RA compared with healthy controls and patients with seropositive arthralgia |
Th17 cells | Newly diagnosed RA | Increased compared with healthy controls | |
Non-classical Th1 cells | Patients with newly diagnosed RA and seropositive arthralgia | Decreased in patients with newly diagnosed RA compared with patients with seropositive arthralgia | |
CD4+CD161+ cells | Synovial tissue sections in patients with RA | CD161 expression in area s infiltrated by CD3, CD4 expressing cells | |
CD4+CD161+ cells | RA late stage | Increased in synovial fluid compared with peripheral blood. Increased in synovia l tissue compared with blood | |
CD4+CD161+ cells | RA late stage | Percentage of IL-17 producing cells higher in blood derived CD4+CD161+ subset than synovial fluid derived subset. IFNγ and IL-17 double positive producers were similar. Significant increase in frequency of IFNγ cells (non-classical Th1 cells) in synovial fluid vs blood | |
Chalan et al8 | NK cells | Patients with seropositive arthralgia, seropositive RA and healthy controls | Less NK cells in patients with seropositive arthralgia and seropositive RA compared with healthy controls |
NK cells | Seronegative RA | Number and proportion not altered | |
CD56 dim NK cells | Patients with seropositive arthralgia, patients with seropositive RA and healthy controls | Number not frequency decreased in patients with seropositive arthralgia and patients with seropositive RA compared with controls | |
CD56 bright NK cells | Patients with seropositive arthralgia, patients with seropositive RA and healthy controls | Number not different | |
CD56 bright NK cells | Seronegative RA and healthy controls | Number and frequency higher in seronegative RA compared with healthy controls | |
NK cells | Patients with seropositive RA, seropositive arthralgia | In seropositive RA NK cells produce less IFNγ compared with healthy controls. This is not observed in patients with seropositive arthralgia | |
Janssen et al10 | Fr III (CD45RA−FoxP3low) | RA (n=12 newly diagnosed) | Not different from healthy control |
Kotake et al46 | Th17 cell-derived Th1 cells (non-classical Th1) | Patients with RA | Th17 cell-derived Th1 cells to Th17 cells were elevated in patients with recent onset RA compared with osteoarthritis. |
Leipe et al27 | IL-17+CD4+ T cells, Th1 cells, IL-17+IFNγ+ T cells and IFNγ+ T cells | Patients with RA, healthy controls, osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis | Increased IL-17+CD4+ T cells in patients with RA and psoriatic arthritis in blood compared with controls and osteoarthritis No differences in Th1 cells, IL-17+IFNγ+ T cells and IFNγ+ T cells within blood |
IL-17+CD4+ T cells, IL-17+IFNγ+ T cells, CD4+CCR4+CCR6+ T cells and Th1 cells | Patients with early RA and psoriatic arthritis | Increased Th17 cells, IL-17+IFNγ+ double producers and CD4+CCR4+CCR6+ T cells in synovial fluid compared with paired blood samples No differences in Th1 cells | |
Lübbers et al11 | CD3+ T cell, CD3+CD56+CD16+ activated T cells, conventional memory CD27+ B cells, activated CD80+ B cells | RA (n=89, less than 6 months no DMARD of biological agent) | Decrease of these cells early RA to healthy control |
Paulissen et al32 | Th22, Th17.1 and CCR4+CXCR3+ DP cells | Patients with RA | Proportions of these cells were increased in patients with ACPA+ RA compared with ACPA− patients. CCR6+ Th cell proportions inversely correlate with disease duration in ACPA− not ACPA+ patients. |
Ramwadhdoebe et al31 | CXCR3+CCR6−CCR4−Th1 | Patients with RA | Higher in early RA compared with healthy controls but not in at risk |
CD4+CCR7+ | Patients with RA | In lymph nodes (LN) lower in early RA compared with at risk | |
CD4+IL-17+ | Early RA, at risk and healthy controls | In blood but not LN higher in early RA compared with at risk and healthy controls | |
CD4+IL-17+IL-10+ and CD4+IFNg+IL-10+ | At risk and healthy controls | In LN tissue decreased in at risk compared with healthy controls (frequencies very low) | |
Tudhope et al21 | Invariant NK T cell | Patients with RA | Lower frequency in RA compared with healthy controls Untreated patients with RA less iNKT frequency and number Proliferation towards alpha-galactosylceramide impaired |
van Hamburg et al29 | CD4+ T cells, CCR6+ memory T cells, IL-17A+CCR6+CD45RO+ T cells | Patients with recently diagnosed RA, healthy controls | Increased CD4+ T cells, CCR6+ memory T cells, IL-17A+CCR6+CD45RO+ T cells to healthy controls |
ACPA, anticitrullinated protein antibodies; IFNγ, interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.