Risk of malignancy associated with bDMARDs initiation compared with continuing csDMARDs alone in patients with RA
| Type of malignancy | Sex | No of bDMARD exposed/ csDMARD matched RA | No of cancer in bDMARD exposed patients | No of cancer in csDMARD matched patients | HR | 95% CI | P value |
| All malignancies excluding non-melanoma skin cancers | 19727/19 727 | 435 | 332 | 0.99 | (0.86 to 1.14) | 0.896 | |
| All solid malignancies excluding non-melanoma skin cancers | 19727/19 727 | 374 | 297 | 0.95 | (0.82 to 1.11) | 0.516 | |
| Haematological malignancies | 19727/19 727 | 45 | 27 | 1.27 | (0.79 to 2.06) | 0.316 | |
| Malignant lymphoma | 19727/19 727 | 27 | 15 | 1.35 | (0.72 to 2.53) | 0.345 | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 19727/19 727 | 2 | 2 | 0.77 | (0.10 to 5.70) | 0.802 | |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | 19727/19 727 | 25 | 13 | 1.43 | (0.73 to 2.80) | 0.277 | |
| Haematological malignancies (excluding lymphoma) | 19727/19 727 | 18 | 12 | 1.18 | (0.56 to 2.49) | 0.656 | |
| Invasive melanoma | 19727/19 727 | 18 | 15 | 0.91 | (0.46 to 1.79) | 0.780 | |
| Invasive cancer of the cervix | Women | 14722/14 722 | 7 | 4 | 1.40 | (0.41 to 4.79) | 0.582 |
| Breast cancer | Women | 14722/14 722 | 80 | 67 | 0.91 | (0.66 to 1.26) | 0.573 |
| Lung cancer | 19727/19 727 | 61 | 45 | 1.00 | (0.68 to 1.48) | 0.990 | |
| Colorectal cancer | 19727/19 727 | 41 | 31 | 0.98 | (0.61 to 1.57) | 0.935 | |
| Prostate cancer | Men | 5005/5005 | 24 | 24 | 0.73 | (0.42 to 1.29) | 0.294 |
| Kidney cancer | 19727/19 727 | 10 | 13 | 0.61 | (0.27 to 1.42) | 0.263 | |
| Liver cancer | 19727/19 727 | 7 | 4 | 1.27 | (0.37 to 4.40) | 0.702 | |
| Pancreas cancer | 19727/19 727 | 10 | 4 | 1.81 | (0.57 to 5.74) | 0.287 |
bDMARD, biological DMARD; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic agents; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.