Abstract
We investigated the effects of biologics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolic markers (BMM), retrospectively, and also clarified the effects of bisphosphonates (alendronate or risedronate 35 mg/week) and glucocorticoids. Participants in this study comprised 219 patients with RA, including 117 patients treated with biologics (infliximab, n = 90; etanercept, n = 27) and 102 patients with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for 1 year. Changes in BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip and BMMs [urinary type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase] were measured. BMD of the lumbar spine in both groups and total hip BMD in the biologics group were unchanged during treatment with biologics. However, BMD of the total hip was significantly decreased in the DMARDs group (from 0.731 ± 0.135 to 0.706 ± 0.135 g/cm2). Patients receiving glucocorticoids without bisphosphonates showed significant decrease in BMD of the total hip compared with patients not receiving glucocorticoids or receiving glucocorticoids with bisphosphonates in both biologics and DMARDs groups. Furthermore, BMD of the lumbar spine increased (p < 0.05) for patients in the biologics group who received bisphosphonates. NTX was significantly decreased only in the biologics group. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMD and bone metabolic marker levels correlated positively with bisphosphonate and biologics use and negatively with glucocorticoid use. BMD of the total hip was maintained in the patients using biologics without glucocorticoids or with bisphosphonates, but it was not maintained in the DMARDs patients, even without glucocorticoids or with bisphosphonates. Even if biologics have protective effect against bone loss of RA patients, we should consider reducing the dose of glucocorticoids and adding bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Atsuko Kamiyama for her special efforts as a research coordinator in recruiting subjects, collecting data, and managing the quality of data. We also thank Shinji Takahashi for his special efforts as a statistical adviser in analyzing this data.
Conflict of interest
Dr. Koike has received research grants and/or speaking fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Abbott Japan, Teijin Pharma, Banyu Pharmaceutical, and Ono Pharmaceutical. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Okano, T., Koike, T., Tada, M. et al. The limited effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor blockade on bone health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under the use of glucocorticoid. J Bone Miner Metab 32, 593–600 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0535-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0535-9