Peer review, in which peer experts assess the value of a manuscript submitted to a professional journal, is regarded as a crucial step in publication. It is generally agreed that its usefulness is highly dependent on the preparedness of each reviewer and quality of each assessment. With sustained growth in biomedical publications, more and more health professionals are being called on to serve as peer reviewers. An instructional framework should assist pharmacists and other health care professionals in conducting high-quality manuscript reviews.