Genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) only explains a fraction of the disease risk;
lifestyle and environmental factors are key contributors to the risk of MS. Importantly, these …

Antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA), ie, to peptides posttranslationally modified by the
conversion of arginine to citrulline, are specific serological markers for rheumatoid arthritis …

Background Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but
prospective evidence is scarce, imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We …

Objective To investigate whether smoking and HLA–DR shared epitope (SE) genes may
interact in triggering immune reactions to citrulline‐modified proteins. Methods In a case …

To identify new genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis, we conducted a genome-wide
association study meta-analysis of 5,539 autoantibody-positive individuals with rheumatoid …

Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a substantial
genetic component. Susceptibility to disease has been linked with a region on chromosome …

Epigenetic mechanisms integrate genetic and environmental causes of disease, but
comprehensive genome-wide analyses of epigenetic modifications have not yet …

Background Rheumatoid arthritis has a complex mode of inheritance. Although HLA-DRB1
and PTPN22 are well-established susceptibility loci, other genes that confer a modest level …

The genetic association of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to rheumatoid
arthritis risk has commonly been attributed to alleles in HLA-DRB1. However, debate …

An editorial in this issue explains that the degree of biological interaction between risk
factors is measured as the deviation from additivity by the corresponding disease rates and …