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Spondyloarthritis
Original article
Is there a relationship between spondyloarthritis and periodontitis? A case–control study
  1. Wilson Bautista-Molano1,2,3,
  2. Desirée van der Heijde1,
  3. Robert Landewé4,5,
  4. Gloria I Lafaurie3,
  5. Juliette de Ávila3,
  6. Rafael Valle-Oñate2 and
  7. Consuelo Romero-Sanchez2,3
  1. 1Rheumatology Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
  2. 2Rheumatology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada and Hospital Militar, Bogota, Colombia
  3. 3Unit of Oral Basic Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
  4. 4Amsterdam Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  5. 5Zuyderland Medical Center Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands
  1. Correspondence to Dr Wilson Bautista-Molano; wilson.bautista{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Objective To compare the frequency and severity of periodontitis in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) with healthy control individuals, through the evaluation of clinical, serological and microbiological periodontal condition.

Methods Patients with a diagnosis of SpA (n=78) and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) naive fulfilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria as well as 156 healthy controls matched for age/gender were included. Two trained and calibrated periodontologists performed the periodontal clinical assessment. The presence of periodontitis and its severity were determined according to the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-American Academy of Periodontology. The clinical periodontal variables, IgG1/IgG2 antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis andperiodontopathic bacterial identification, were also established. Comparisons of periodontal characteristics between the patients with SpA and the control group were performed using univariable analyses. A logistic regression analyses was performed to calculate the OR (95% CI) for diagnosis of periodontitis in patients with SpA and matched controls.

Results A diagnosis of periodontitis was established in 56% in patients with SpA versus 69% of healthy controls (P≤ 0.01). Severe periodontitis was found in 3% versus 12% in SpA versus healthy controls, respectively (P≤ 0.01). There was no significant increase of frequency of any periodontal variable, IgG1/IgG2 antibodies against P. gingivalis or the presence of periodontopathic bacteria between patients with SpA and control group. Periodontitis was not positively associated with a diagnosis of SpA (OR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.00, P=0.05) in the logistic regression analyses.

Conclusions We found a lower rather than a higher frequency and severity of periodontitis in patients with SpA in comparison with healthy control individuals. Our findings suggest that there is no positive association between SpA and periodontitis in Colombian patients.

  • spondyloarthritis
  • outcomes research
  • epidemiology

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000547

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors WB-M, DvdH, RL and CR-S designed the study. WB-M, GIL and CR-S acquired the data. WB-M and GIL analysed the data. WB-M, DvdH, RL and CR-S oversaw the analysis. WB-M prepared the first version of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors gave their approval of the final version of the manuscript.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent Obtained.

    • Ethics approval The institutional ethics committees of Universidad El Bosque and Hospital Militar approved the study.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement No additional data are available.