@article {Bykerke000225, author = {Vivian P Bykerk and Clifton O Bingham and Ernest H Choy and Daming Lin and Rieke Alten and Robin Christensen and Daniel E Furst and Sarah Hewlett and Amye Leong and Lyn March and Thasia Woodworth and Gilles Boire and Boulos Haraoui and Carol Hitchon and Shahin Jamal and Edward C Keystone and Janet Pope and Diane Tin and J Carter Thorne and Susan J Bartlett}, editor = {, and Boonen, Annelies and Broeder, Alfons den and Fautrel, Bruno and Guillemin, Francis and Lyddiatt, Anne and May, James E. and Montie, Pam and Orbai, Ana-Maria and Pohl, Christoph and Voshaar, Marieke Scholte and Ahluwalia, Vandana and Akhavan, Pooneh and Baron, Murray and Bensen, William and Bessette, Louis and Boire, Gilles and Bykerk, Vivian and Colmegna, Ines and Haraoui, Boulos and Hitchon, Carol and Jamal, Shahin and Keystone, Edward and Kinkhoff, Alice and Kraishi, Majed and Larche, Maggie and Lyddell, Chris and Nair, Bindu and Penney, Chris and Pope, Janet and Rubin, Laurence and Thorne, Carter and Zummer, Michel}, title = {Identifying flares in rheumatoid arthritis: reliability and construct validation of the OMERACT RA Flare Core Domain Set}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, elocation-id = {e000225}, year = {2016}, doi = {10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000225}, publisher = {BMJ Specialist Journals}, abstract = {Objective To evaluate the reliability of concurrent flare identification using 3 methods (patient, rheumatologist and Disease Activity Score (DAS)28 criteria), and construct validity of candidate items representing the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) RA Flare Core Domain Set.Methods Candidate flare questions and legacy measures were administered at consecutive visits to Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) patients between November 2011 and November 2014. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set indicators were recorded. Concordance to identify flares was assessed using the agreement coefficient. Construct validity of flare questions was examined: convergent (Spearman{\textquoteright}s r); discriminant (mean differences between flaring/non-flaring patients); and consequential (proportions with prior treatment reductions and intended therapeutic change postflare).Results The 849 patients were 75\% female, 81\% white, 42\% were in remission/low disease activity (R/LDA), and 16{\textendash}32\% were flaring at the second visit. Agreement of flare status was low{\textendash}strong (κ{\textquoteright}s 0.17{\textendash}0.88) and inversely related to RA disease activity level. Flare domains correlated highly (r{\textquoteright}s>=0.70) with each other, patient global (r{\textquoteright}s>=0.66) and corresponding measures (r{\textquoteright}s 0.49{\textendash}0.92); and moderately highly with MD and patient-reported joint counts (r{\textquoteright}s 0.29{\textendash}0.62). When MD/patients agreed the patient was flaring, mean flare domain between-group differences were 2.1{\textendash}3.0; 36\% had treatment reductions prior to flare, with escalation planned in 61\%.Conclusions Flares are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are often preceded by treatment reductions. Patient/MD/DAS agreement of flare status is highest in patients worsening from R/LDA. OMERACT RA flare questions can discriminate between patients with/without flare and have strong evidence of construct and consequential validity. Ongoing work will identify optimal scoring and cut points to identify RA flares.}, URL = {https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000225}, eprint = {https://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000225.full.pdf}, journal = {RMD Open} }