PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - James M Gwinnutt
AU  - Maud Wieczorek
AU  - Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
AU  - Andra Balanescu
AU  - Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
AU  - Annelies Boonen
AU  - Giulio Cavalli
AU  - Savia de Souza
AU  - Annette de Thurah
AU  - Thomas E Dorner
AU  - Rikke Helene Moe
AU  - Polina Putrik
AU  - Lucía Silva-Fernández
AU  - Tanja Stamm
AU  - Karen Walker-Bone
AU  - Joep Welling
AU  - Mirjana Zlatković-Švenda
AU  - Francis Guillemin
AU  - Suzanne M M Verstappen
TI  - Effects of diet on the outcomes of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs): systematic review and meta-analyses informing the 2021 EULAR recommendations for lifestyle improvements in people with RMDs
AID  - 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002167
DP  - 2022 Jun 01
TA  - RMD Open
PG  - e002167
VI  - 8
IP  - 2
4099  - http://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/8/2/e002167.short
4100  - http://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/8/2/e002167.full
SO  - RMD Open2022 Jun 01; 8
AB  - Background A EULAR taskforce was convened to develop recommendations for lifestyle behaviours in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). In this paper, the literature on the effect of diet on the progression of RMDs is reviewed.Methods Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed of studies related to diet and disease outcomes in seven RMDs: osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus, axial spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic sclerosis and gout. In the first phase, existing relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published from 2013 to 2018, were identified. In the second phase, the review was expanded to include published original studies on diet in RMDs, with no restriction on publication date. Systematic reviews or original studies were included if they assessed a dietary exposure in one of the above RMDs, and reported results regarding progression of disease (eg, pain, function, joint damage).Results In total, 24 systematic reviews and 150 original articles were included. Many dietary exposures have been studied (n=83), although the majority of studies addressed people with OA and RA. Most dietary exposures were assessed by relatively few studies. Exposures that have been assessed by multiple, well conducted studies (eg, OA: vitamin D, chondroitin, glucosamine; RA: omega-3) were classified as moderate evidence of small effects on disease progression.Conclusion The current literature suggests that there is moderate evidence for a small benefit for certain dietary components. High-level evidence of clinically meaningful effect sizes from individual dietary exposures on outcomes in RMDs is missing.No data are available.