Treatment effectiveness, secondary outcomes (SF-36*) (values are unstandardised coefficients)†
| End of treatment | 3 months post-treatment | 24 months post-treatment | Treatment–time interaction (slope) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF36—general health | ||||
| tCBT | 2.4 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 0.08 |
| (−1.7 to 6.5) | (−1.3 to 6.6) | (−0.2 to 9.1) | (−0.09 to 0.26) | |
| Exercise | 2.5 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 0.06 |
| (−1.5 to 6.4) | (−1.1 to 6.5) | (−0.6 to 8.5) | (−0.11 to 0.23) | |
| Combined treatment | 5.1‡ | 5.1‡ | 5.1‡ | 0.00 |
| (1.2 to 9.0) | (1.3 to 8.9) | (0.6 to 9.6) | (−0.17 to 0.17) | |
| SF36—physical function | ||||
| tCBT | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.3 | −0.01 |
| (−0.9 to 7.9) | (−0.8 to 7.7) | (−1.7 to 8.3) | (−0.19 to 0.17) | |
| Exercise | 6.4§ | 6.2§ | 4.7 | −0.07 |
| (2.2 to 10.6) | (2.1 to 10.3) | (−0.1 to 9.5) | (−0.24 to 0.10) | |
| Combined treatment | 8.8§ | 8.5§ | 6.2‡ | −0.11 |
| (4.6 to 13.0) | (4.4 to 12.5) | (1.4 to 10.9) | (−0.28 to 0.06) | |
| SF36—role physical | ||||
| tCBT | 5.8‡ | 5.7‡ | 4.6 | −0.05 |
| (0.2 to 11.5) | (0.3 to 11.1) | (−2.0 to 11.2) | (−0.31 to 0.21) | |
| Exercise | 4.4 | 4.3 | 3.5 | −0.04 |
| (−1.1 to 9.8) | (−0.9 to 9.5) | (−2.9 to 9.9) | (−0.29 to 0.22) | |
| Combined treatment | 7.7‡ | 8.0§ | 9.8§ | 0.08 |
| (2.3 to 13.1) | (2.8 to 13.1) | (3.4 to 16.1) | (−0.17 to 0.34) | |
| SF36—vitality | ||||
| tCBT | 5.4‡ | 5.4‡ | 5.1 | −0.01 |
| (0.8 to 10.1) | (0.9 to 9.8) | (−0.3 to 10.5) | (−0.22 to 0.19) | |
| Exercise | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 0.06 |
| (−1.9 to 7.0) | (−1.5 to 7.0) | (−1.2 to 9.3) | (−0.14 to 0.26) | |
| Combined treatment | 5.0‡ | 5.1‡ | 5.5‡ | 0.02 |
| (0.6 to 9.4) | (0.8 to 9.4) | (0.3 to 10.7) | (−0.18 to 0.22) | |
| SF36—social function | ||||
| tCBT | 7.4‡ | 7.4‡ | 7.3‡ | −0.01 |
| (1.9 to 12.9) | (2.2 to 12.6) | (0.8 to 13.7) | (−0.27 to 0.26) | |
| Exercise | 7.7‡ | 7.0‡ | 2.5 | −0.22 |
| (2.4 to 12.9) | (2.0 to 12.0) | (−3.8 to 8.7) | (−0.47 to 0.04) | |
| Combined treatment | 6.7‡ | 6.8‡ | 7.8‡ | 0.05 |
| (1.4 to 11.9) | (1.8 to 11.8) | (1.6 to 14.0) | (−0.21 to 0.30) | |
| SF36—role emotional | ||||
| tCBT | 8.3§ | 7.7§ | 3.2 | −0.21 |
| (2.8 to 13.8) | (2.5 to 12.8) | (−3.4 to 9.7) | (−0.49 to 0.07) | |
| Exercise | 9.1§ | 8.8§ | 6.4‡ | −0.11 |
| (3.9 to 14.4) | (3.8 to 13.7) | (0.1 to 12.8) | (−0.38 to 0.16) | |
| Combined treatment | 8.0§ | 7.1‡ | 1.0 | −0.29‡ |
| (2.8 to 13.2) | (2.2 to 12.0) | (−5.3 to 7.4) | (−0.56 to 0.02) | |
*The combined scales of the SF-36 are not available due to a printing error in the follow-up questionnaire.
†Comparison group is treatment as usual. Values are unstandardised coefficients with 95% CIs. All models are adjusted for age, sex, centre, baseline CPG and GHQ scores, and baseline levels of outcome of interest.
‡p<0.05.
§p<0.004, with correction for multiple testing.
CPG, Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; tCBT, telephone cognitive behavioural therapy; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Questionnaire.