Randomised controlled trials investigating the effects of bisphosphonates in complex regional pain syndrome type I: characteristics of the trials
| References | Jadad Score | Treatment | Number of patients (F) | Age (years) | Diagnostic criteria | Disease duration (weeks or months) Mean (SD) | Follow-up (days) | Additional treatment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Control | Mean (SD) or Range | Double-blind (Open-label) | ||||||
| Adami S et al31 | 3 | Alendronate 7.5 mg intravenous for 3 days | Placebo intravenous for 3 days | 20 (12) | 39–80 | Kozin | ALD: 16 (17) weeks PLB: 19 (19) weeks | 14 (+14) | Physical therapy |
| Varenna M et al21 | 5 | Clodronate 300 mg intravenous for 10 days | Placebo intravenous for 10 days | 32 (19) | 56 (9) | Kozin | 4.0 (2.3) months | 40 (+140) | None |
| Robinson JN et al32 | 3 | Pamidronate 60 mg intravenous single time | Placebo intravenous single time | 27 (9) | 30–60 | IASP | 21.6 (NR) months | 90 | Paracetamol, codeine, dextropropoxyphene |
| Manicourt DH et al33 | 5 | Alendronate 40 mg oral for 56 days | Placebo oral for 56 days | 39 (21) | 45 (12) | IASP Budapest | ALD: 7 (2) months PLB: 8 (3) months | 84 (+84) | Physical therapy |
| Varenna M et al34 | 5 | Neridronate 100 mg intravenous four times | Placebo intravenous four times | 82 (53) | NRD: 58 (13) PLB: 57 (10) | Budapest | NRD: 4.7 (4.1) weeks PLB: 5.0 (4.6) weeks | 40 (+50) | NSAIDs, paracetamol |
ALD, alendronate; CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome; Double-blind, during the double-blind phase of the study; F, female; iv, intravenous; IASP, International Association for the Study of Pain; NR, not reported; NRD, neridronate; Open-label, during the open-label phase of the study; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PLB, placebo.