Baseline characteristics of participants (n=442)
| Age*, years | 56.3 (13.0) |
| Gender, female | 307 (69.5) |
| Employment status | |
| Working full-time | 154 (34.8) |
| Working part-time | 68 (15.4) |
| Retired | 142 (32.1) |
| Other | 78 (17.6) |
| Chronic Pain Grade | |
| I | 92 (20.8) |
| II | 174 (39.4) |
| III | 97 (22.0) |
| IV | 79 (17.9) |
| GHQ* | 3.2 (3.6) |
| EQ-5D* | 0.69 (0.19) |
| SF-36* | |
| Physical component | 40.6 (7.9) |
| Mental component | 45.2 (10.7) |
| Fatigue* | 19.6 (5.9) |
| VPMI* | |
| Passive coping | 29.5 (7.3) |
| Active coping | 24.9 (4.2) |
| Sleep scale* | 9.2 (5.6) |
| Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia* | 35.8 (5.3) |
Values are n (%) except * which are mean (SD).
GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; SF-36, 36-item Short Form Health Questionnaire; VPMI, Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory.