Predictors of treatment effectiveness
| Months post-treatment | Longitudinal adjusted model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0* | 3 | 24 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male vs female | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.9) | 1.6 (0.2 to 11.5) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.5) | 0.4 (0.1 to 2.1) |
| Exercise | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.2) | 0.8 (0.1 to 5.6) | 0.2 (0.0 to 2.1) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.7) |
| Combined | 0.5 (0.1 to 3.7) | 0.8 (0.1 to 5.4) | 0.2 (0.0 to 2.3) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.8) |
| CPG | ||||
| 3/4 vs 1/2 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 1.2 (0.2 to 8.4) | 3.5 (0.3 to 35.4) | 11.8 (1.2 to 115.8) | 4.8 (0.9 to 25.6) |
| Exercise | 0.9 (0.1 to 6.2) | 2.9 (0.3 to 30.0) | 5.3 (0.5 to 52.5) | 3.4 (0.6 to 17.9) |
| Combined | 2.3 (0.0 to 15.1) | 10.6 (1.1 to 105.6) | 8.9 (0.9 to 86.8) | 8.3 (1.6 to 43.4) |
| Age | ||||
| Per 10 years | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.8) | 1.1 (0.5 to 2.1) | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.7) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) |
| Exercise | 2.2 (1.1 to 4.6) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.7) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) |
| Combined | 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) | 1.5 (0.8 to 3.0) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 1.6 (0.98 to 2.6) |
| GHQ12 | ||||
| 3–12 vs 0–2 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 3.4 (0.5 to 20.8) | 4.0 (0.7 to 23.0) | 7.7 (1.5 to 40.7) | 5.6 (1.5 to 21.2) |
| Exercise | 0.8 (0.1 to 4.6) | 1.7 (0.3 to 10.0) | 4.5 (0.9 to 23.6) | 2.3 (0.6 to 8.5) |
| Combined | 1.5 (0.2 to 8.5) | 1.5 (0.3 to 8.4) | 6.7 (1.3 to 34.7) | 3.2 (0.9 to 11.9) |
| Fatigue | ||||
| 19–40 vs 8–18 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.0) | 0.7 (0.1 to 3.7) | 1.7 (0.4 to 8.2) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.8) |
| Exercise | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.7) | 0.4 (0.1 to 2.6) | 0.8 (0.2 to 4.0) | 0.6 (0.2 to 2.1) |
| Combined | 1.1 (0.2 to 7.8) | 1.4 (0.3 to 8.0) | 4.5 (0.9 to 21.8) | 2.7 (0.7 to 9.6) |
| Passive coping | ||||
| 30–52 vs 18–29 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 1.5 (0.2 to 10.3) | 2.2 (0.4 to 12.8) | 2.1 (0.4 to 10.4) | 1.6 (0.4 to 5.7) |
| Exercise | 1.0 (0.1 to 7.0) | 0.5 (0.1 to 2.9) | 1.1 (0.2 to 5.1) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.9) |
| Combined | 3.7 (0.6 to 24.7) | 2.2 (0.4 to 11.9) | 1.6 (0.3 to 7.5) | 2.1 (0.6 to 7.5) |
| Active coping | ||||
| 26–35 vs 10–25 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 0.9 (0.1 to 5.5) | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.5) | 1.6 (0.3 to 7.1) | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.4) |
| Exercise | 2.2 (0.4 to 13.5) | 1.5 (0.3 to 8.7) | 1.7 (0.4 to 7.5) | 1.7 (0.5 to 6.1) |
| Combined | 0.7 (0.1 to 4.2) | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.2) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.5) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.4) |
| Sleep problems | ||||
| 10–20 vs 0–9 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 1.5 (0.2 to 9.3) | 1.0 (0.2 to 5.9) | 2.9 (0.6 to 14.1) | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.5) |
| Exercise | 1.9 (0.3 to 11.1) | 2.1 (0.4 to 12.2) | 2.5 (0.5 to 11.8) | 2.4 (0.7 to 8.5) |
| Combined | 1.2 (0.2 to 7.2) | 0.9 (0.2 to 5.0) | 1.0 (0.2 to 5.2) | 1.1 (0.3 to 3.9) |
| TSK | ||||
| 37–57 vs 21–36 | ||||
| TAU | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| tCBT | 2.0 (0.3 to 13.8) | 3.7 (0.6 to 24.3) | 10.6 (1.7 to 66.3) | 4.7 (1.1 to 20.5) |
| Exercise | 2.4 (0.4 to 16.3) | 2.6 (0.4 to 17.3) | 1.8 (0.3 to 11.8) | 2.8 (0.7 to 12.1) |
| Combined | 3.9 (0.6 to 26.6) | 2.6 (0.4 to 16.6) | 3.7 (0.6 to 23.1) | 3.6 (0.8 to 15.1) |
*ORs with 95% CIs. Italic typeface indicates statistical significance.
CPG, Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; TAU, treatment as usual; tCBT, telephone cognitive behavioural therapy; TSK, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia.