Demographic characteristics | Anxiety | Depression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Gender (female) | 3.1 (1.7 to 5.9) | 0.001* | 2.8 (1.6 to 4.9) | <0.001* |
Age | 0.98 (0.956 to 0.997) | 0.024* | 1.03 (1.0 to 1.1) | 0.004* |
BMI | ||||
Underweight vs normal | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.5) | 0.183 | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.010* |
Overweight vs normal | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.240 | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.059 |
Obese vs normal | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9) | 0.026* | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 0.309 |
Years of education | 0.9 (0.86 to 0.99) | 0.027* | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.998) | 0.044* |
Employment status | ||||
Employed vs retired or leave | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.602 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.580 |
Employed vs unemployment | 2.9 (1.4 to 5.9) | 0.003* | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.9) | 0.080 |
NUTS II | ||||
Norte vs Lisboa | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.3) | 0.035* | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.820 |
Centro vs Lisboa | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 0.739 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.746 |
Alentejo vs Lisboa | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.1) | 0.791 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.2) | 0.972 |
Algarve vs Lisboa | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.2) | 0.972 | 2.0 (0.5 to 8.0) | 0.340 |
Azores vs Lisboa | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.502 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.8) | 0.987 |
Madeira vs Lisboa | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.1) | 0.922 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.101 |
Number of comorbidities (0–15) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7) | <0.001* | 1.3 (>1.2 to 1.5) | <0.001* |
Life style habits | ||||
Present alcohol intake (yes/no) | 0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) | 0.020* | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | 0.505 |
Regular physical exercise (yes/no) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.182 | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.001* |
RMD diagnosis | ||||
Low back pain (yes/no) | 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) | 0.005* | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4) | 0.014* |
Periarticular disease (yes/no) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.599 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.082 |
Knee osteoarthritis (yes/no) | 0.95 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.813 | 1.5 (1.0 to 2.4) | 0.047* |
Osteoporosis (yes/no) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.8) | 0.344 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 0.745 |
Hand osteoarthritis (yes/no) | 0.94 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.831 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 0.903 |
Hip osteoarthritis (yes/no) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 0.628 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 0.600 |
Fibromyalgia (yes/no) | 3.4 (1.8 to 6.1) | <0.001* | 4.0 (1.8 to 8.9) | 0.001* |
Spondyloarthritis (yes/no) | 3.0 (1.3 to 6.7) | 0.008* | 1.7 (0.5 to 5.2) | 0.365 |
Gout (yes/no) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.8) | 0.335 | 0.6 (0.1 to 4.8) | 0.621 |
Rheumatoid arthritis (yes/no) | 2.0 (0.7 to 5.8) | 0.197 | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.7) | 0.155 |
SLE (yes/no) | 1.6 (0.2 to 11.0) | 0.608 | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.8) | 0.031* |
Polymyalgia rheumatica (yes/no) | 3.2 (0.3 to 40.1) | 0.364 | 14.3 (>1.8 to 114.3) | 0.012* |
Two logistic regression models were used: one to identify possible factors that have an impact on the presence of anxiety symptoms, and another to identify possible factors that have an impact on presence of depression symptoms. The estimated values were obtained considering study design.
*Adjusted p value<0.05.
BMI, body mass index; NUTS II, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (North, Centre, Alentejo, Algarve, Lisbon, Madeira and the Azores); RMD, rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease; SLE, systemic lupus erythaematosus.