Paradoxical conditions described under biological agents given for immune-mediated diseases
| True PAE | Borderline PAE | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AE | Biological agent | AE | Biological agent |
| Psoriasis | Anti-TNF-α Rituximab Tocilizumab Ustekinumab | Uveitis | Anti-TNF-α (etanercept) |
| Crohn's disease and/or ulcerative colitis | Anti-TNF-α (etanercept) | Scleritis | Anti-TNF-α |
| Hidradenitis suppurativa | Anti-TNF-α (adalimumab) Rituximab | Sarcoidosis | Anti-TNF-α (etanercept) |
| Granuloma annulare | Anti-TNF-α | ||
| Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis | Anti-TNF-α | ||
| Vasculitis | Anti-TNF-α | ||
| Alopecia areata | Anti-TNF-α | ||
| Vitiligo | Anti-TNF-α ustekinumab | ||
AE adverse events; PAE, paradoxical adverse events; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.