Imaging study (CR, U/S, DECT, CT, MRI) characteristics and features
| Study | Modality | Diagnosis of CPPD | Publication date | Patients (N) | Features examined | Prevalence of pattern by site | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abhishek et al6 | CR | X-rays | 7/2013 | 435 | CC at knee, hip, wrist, symphysis pubis, and MCP | Knee 8%, hip 5%, wrist 6.9%, symphysis pubis 3.6%, MCP 1.5% | ND | ND |
| Abhishek et al7 | CR | X-rays | 10/2012 | 428 | CC at hip, wrist, symphysis pubis, and MCP without knee CC | Hip 45.9%, wrist 44.4%, symphysis pubis 45.5%, MCP 31.3% | ND | ND |
| Barskova et al8 | U/S | McCarty criteria | 6/2013 | 25 | Linear hyperechoic deposits in hyaline cartilage | Knee: U/S 100% CT 72% CR 52% | ND | ND |
| Filippou et al9 | U/S | McCarty criteria | 11/2013 | 42 | Hyperechogenic bands and spots in hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage; linear deposits along the tendon | Knee 97.6%, wrist 88%, Achilles tendon 54.8%, plantar fascia 26.1%, MCP 9.5% | ND | ND |
| Filippucci et al10 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 9/2013 | 88 | Hyperechoic spots within the fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage of the humeral head | Fibrocartilage 42.4%, hyaline cartilage 16.3% | ND | ND |
| Filippucci et al11 | U/S | McCarty criteria | 2/2009 | 48 | Intracartilaginous hyperechoic spots | ND | Knee 68.7% | Knee 97.6% |
| Filippucci et al12 | U/S | McCarty criteria | 1/2010 | 70 | Intracartilaginous hyperechoic spots | Knee 64.2% | ND | ND |
| Gutierrez et al13 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 12/2010 | 2 | Calcification within femoral hyaline cartilage, hyperechoic spots in wrist | ND | ND | ND |
| Lamers-Karnebeek et al14 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 4/2014 | 54 | Hyperechoic band within the cartilage | 0 | ND | ND |
| Loffler et al15 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 3/2015 | 225 | Hyperechoic spots within the cartilage | ND | 78.9% | 51.7% |
| Russell et al16 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 3/2013 | 4 | Hyperechoic foci within the cartilage | ND | ND | ND |
| Ruta et al17 | U/S | McCarty criteria | 4/2016 | 75 | Hyperechoic bands within the femoral hyaline cartilage and hyperechoic spots in meniscal fibrocartilage | ND | 60% | 96.7% |
| Zufferey et al18 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 7/2015 | 109 | Intracartilage, meniscus, synovial or tendon hyperechoic deposits | ND | 60% | 80% |
| Ottaviani et al19 | U/S | CPPD crystal analysis | 8/2015 | 51 | Hyperechoic spots in knee cartilage | ND | 100% | 92.3% |
| Kobayashi et al20 | CT | CPPD crystal analysis | 9/2014 | 27 | Calcification of the transverse ligament and longus colli muscle | Neck: transverse ligament 81.5%, longus colli 7.4% | ND | ND |
| Misra et al21 | DECT | X-rays | 2/2015 | 16 | Intra-articular calcium crystal in meniscal and hyaline cartilage and deeper structures cruciate ligaments and joint capsules | Meniscus 66.6–95.8%, hyaline cartilage 8.3–91.6%, cruciate ligament 0–79.1%, joint capsule 58.3–62.5% | ND | ND |
CC, chondrocalcinosis; CPPD, calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease; CR, conventional radiography; DECT, dual-energy CT; MCP, metacarpophalangeal joint; ND, not defined; U/S, ultrasound.