Table 4

Associations of subject characteristics with mean SF-12v2 physical component scale scores among 2401 SICCA* participants with symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth

Unadjusted β (95% CI)Unadjusted pMultivariable adjusted β† (95% CI)Multivariable adjusted p†
Age−0.04 (−0.08 to 0.01)0.010.04 (0.01 to 0.08)0.01
Gender, female0.76 (−0.83 to 2.34)0.350.54 (−0.95 to 2.03)0.47
Country of residence
  Argentina1.04 (−0.36 to 2.44)0.140.16 (−1.15 to 1.47)0.81
  China4.88 (3.20 to 6.56)<0.0011.99 (0.26 to 3.73)0.02
  Denmark−0.54 (−1.77 to 0.70)0.40−1.14 (−2.34 to 0.06)0.06
  India−0.23 (−2.53 to 2.06)0.84−4.04 (−6.45 to 1.64)0.001
  Japan0.98 (−0.65 to 2.61)0.24−1.30 (−2.87 to 0.27)0.11
  UK5.55 (4.01 to 7.09)<0.0012.73 (1.24 to 4.22)<0.001
  USAReferenceReference
Education, college0.27 (−0.64 to 1.19)0.59
Employed5.66 (4.81 to 6.51)<0.0015.29 (4.41 to 6.17)<0.001
Meeting SS criteria3.68 (2.79 to 4.57)<0.0012.43 (1.57 to 3.29)<0.001
Anticholinergic medication−6.46 (−7.36 to 5.56)<0.001−4.61 (−5.55 to 3.67)<0.001
Medications‡
  NoneReference
  NSAIDS−5.89 (−7.18 to 4.60)<0.001−4.38 (−5.63 to 3.13)<0.001
  Cholinomimetics−0.64 (−2.55 to 1.27)0.51−1.42 (−3.29 to 0.44)0.14
  Antimalarials−4.27 (−5.75 to 2.80)<0.001−4.03 (−5.47 to 2.59)<0.001
  Other immunosuppressants§−4.89 (−6.17 to 3.61)<0.001−4.33 (−5.58 to 3.07)<0.001
  • *Participants from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance registry.

  • †All factors with a p value ≤0.10 on univariate analysis entered into multivariate model; p value ≤0.05 to remain in final multivariate model.

  • ‡Systemic medications used for the management of SS-related symptoms and currently received at study entry.

  • §Including corticosteroids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, anti-CD-20 and other immune modifying biological agents.

  • β, beta coefficient; NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SF-12v2, Short Form 12, version 2; SS, Sjögren’s syndrome.