Demographic characteristics by SS classification among 2527 SICCA* participants
| SS participants n (%), (N=1117) | Non-SS participants n (%), (N=1410) | p Value | |
| Age, median years (Q1–Q3) | 52.4 (43–62) | 53.5 (45–63) | 0.03 |
| Women | 1049 (94) | 1258 (89) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| African | 33 (3) | 35 (2) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 424 (38) | 243 (17) | |
| White | 508 (46) | 903 (64) | |
| Hispanic | 112 (10) | 168 (12) | |
| American Indian | 39 (3) | 60 (4) | |
| Country of residence | <0.001 | ||
| Argentina | 122 (11) | 202 (14) | |
| China | 170 (15) | 52 (4) | |
| Denmark | 145 (13) | 300 (21) | |
| India | 48 (4) | 30 (2) | |
| Japan | 152 (14) | 113 (8) | |
| UK | 91 (8) | 120 (9) | |
| USA | 389 (35) | 593 (42) | |
| College education | 630 (58) | 899 (64) | 0.001 |
| Employed | 563 (50) | 638 (45) | 0.009 |
| Anticholinergic medication† | 253 (23) | 549 (39) | <0.001 |
| Medications‡ | <0.001 | ||
| NSAIDS | 105 (9) | 231 (16) | |
| Cholinomimetics | 75 (7) | 60 (4) | |
| Antimalarials | 130 (12) | 118 (8) | |
| Other immunosuppressants§ | 191 (17) | 162 (11) | |
| None | 616 (55) | 839 (60) |
*Participants from the Sjögren’s International Collaborative Clinical Alliance registry.
†Participants who reported that they were taking a medication with anticholinergic effect at the time of study entry, such as antianxiety, antihypertensive, antidepressant, antihistamine/antiemetic, antipsychotic, antiparkinson, antiacne, decongestant, bronchodilator and muscle relaxant drugs.
‡Patient-reported systemic medications used for the management of SS-related symptoms and currently received at study entry.
§Include corticosteroids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, tumour necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, anti-CD-20 and other immune-modifying biological agents.
NSAIDS, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SS, Sjögren’s syndrome.