Table 1

Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic literature review

Rudwaleit RHAPSODYLie
NOR-DMARD
Paccou
(France)
Pavelka ATTRAGlintborg
DANBIO
Gulyas
(Hungary)
Heinonen
ROB-FIN
Ciurea
SCQM
Braun
MEASURE 1 and 2
Study
Year201020112011201220132014201520162016
Journal Arthritis Research 
and Therapy
Annals of
Rheumatic Diseases
Rheumatology Reumatologia Annals of
Rheumatic Diseases
Eur J Health Econ J Rheumatol Arthritis Research 
and Therapy
Expert Opin Biol Ther
DesignOpen-label trial, multicentreProspective, observational, multicentreRetrospective, observational, multicentreProspective, observational, single-centreProspective, observational, multicentreRetrospective, observational, single-centreRetrospective, observational, multicentreRetrospective, observational, multicentrePost-hoc from 2 RCTs
Patients
Type of axSpAASASASASASASASaxSpAAS
First bDMARD (control group)924437267101277398543137
Second bDMARD32677751634327712363251
Third bDMARD2213711
Drug
First bDMARDIFX (50%),
ETN (26%),
IFX and ETN (24%)
ETN (51%),
IFX (35%),
ADA (14%)
ETN (54%),
IFX (38%),
ADA (8%)
ETN (34%),
IFX (32%),
ADA (31%),
GOL (3%)
ADA (45%),
IFX (37%),
ETN (16%),
GOL (1%)
IFX (39%),
ETN (33%),
ADA (23%),
GOL (5%)
ETN (48%),
ADA (29%),
IFX (23%)
TNFiTNFi
Second bDMARDADA (100%)ETN (40%),
ADA (36%),
IFX (24%)
ADA (56%), ETN (32%), IFX (22%)IFX (47%),
ETN (33%),
ADA (18%),
GOL (3%)
ADA(46%),
ETN (40%),
IFX (10%),
GOL (3%)
ADA (56%), GOL (22%), IFX (12%),
ETN (10%)
ADA (59%),
ETN (33%),
IFX (8%)
TNFiSecukinumab
Third bDMARDTNFiADA (31%),
ETN (29%),
IFX (27%),
GOL (7%),
CZP (2%)
GOL (55%),
ADA (27%),
ETN (18%)
Outcome
Follow-up (months)3126636124
Response measureASAS40,
BASDAI50,
ΔBASDAI
ASAS20,
ASAS40,
BASDAI50,
ΔASDAS≥1.1,
ΔASDAS≥2.0
BASDAI50, 
ΔBASDAI≥2,
expert opinion,
ΔBASDAI
BASDAI<4BASDAI50Δ20mm,
ΔBASDAI, ΔCRP
BASDAI50,
ΔBASDAI
BASDAI50,
ΔASDAS≥1.1,
ΔASDAS≥2.0
ASDAS<1.3,
ASDASpr
ASAS20,
ASAS40,
ΔBASDAI
Level of evidence
CEBM Oxford2b44444442b
  • ADA, adalimumab; AS, ankylosing spondylitis; ASAS, Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society; ASDAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; ATTRA, anti TNF-α terapie revmatoidní artritidy; axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; bDMARD, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; CEBM, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine; CRP, C reactive protein; CZP, certolizumab pegol; DANBIO, Danish nationwide registry; ETN, etanercept; IFX, infliximab; GOL, golimumab; RCT, randomised controlled trial; MEASURE, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Secukinumab in Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients ; NOR-DMARD, Norwegian Antirheumatic Drug Register; RHAPSODY, Review of Safety and Effectiveness witH Adalimumab in Patients with Active Ankylosing SpOnDYlitis; ROB-FIN, Finnish Register of Biological Treatment SCQM: Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor.