COBRA-light (n=44) | COBRA (n=43) | ||||||||
Reference price per unit (€) | Baseline (€) | (SD) | 1 year period (€) | (SD) | Baseline (€) | (SD) | 1 year period (€) | (SD) | |
Direct medical costs | 1073 | (986) | 5598 | (3450) | 918 | (581) | 5069 | (3853) | |
General practitioner | 28 | 65 | (408) | 101 | (83) | 71 | (52) | 66 | (92) |
Occupational health specialist | 23 | 9 | (25) | 32 | (70) | 3 | (11) | 28 | (67) |
Paramedical therapies* | 22–65 | 70 | (168) | 415 | (775) | 100 | (193) | 257 | (465) |
Alternative therapies | 45 | 20 | (85) | 36 | (121) | 6 | (39) | 7 | (25) |
Specialist care† | 72; 136 | 339 | (266) | 908 | (631) | 238 | (200) | 710 | (487) |
Polyclinic care (nurses)† | 64; 129 | 19 | (34) | 96 | (130) | 23 | (34) | 76 | (94) |
Patient day care (day) | 251 | 11 | (76) | 6 | (38) | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) |
Hospital admissions* | 435; 575 | 131 | (867) | 340 | (1185) | 974 | (531) | 107 | (701) |
Laboratory diagnostics | 8 | 382 | (141) | 251 | (129) | 361 | (124) | 256 | (77) |
X-ray | 43 | 300 | (0) | 300 | (0) | ||||
Dexa scan | 193 | 886 | (158) | 876 | (165) | ||||
Other radiological diagnostics* | 108–280 | 69 | (0) | 69 | (0) | ||||
DMARD use* | 0.13–0.39 | 2 | (6) | 98 | (93) | 4 | (9) | 130 | (112) |
Etanercept use | 280.1 | 0 | (0) | 1979 | (2436) | 0 | (0) | 2091 | (3066) |
Other drug use* | 0.02–0.28 | 26 | (45) | 79 | (67) | 19 | (31) | 95 | (66) |
Direct non-medical costs | 333 | (916) | 1044 | (1800) | 68 | (148) | 343 | (608) | |
Professional home care | 68 | 0 | (0) | 57 | (348) | 0 | (0) | 15 | (72) |
Informal home care | ‡ | 0 | (0) | 180 | (722) | 0 | (0) | 29 | (193) |
Housekeeping | 25 | 22 | (104) | 744 | (1554) | 19 | (84) | 209 | (471) |
Aids | § | 23 | (86) | 34 | (132) | 1 | (6) | 60 | (283) |
Reimbursement for swimming | § | 1 | (5) | 10 | (30) | 3 | (13) | 7 | (24) |
Travel expenses | 0.19 per km | 6 | (18) | 20 | (43) | 8 | (26) | 23 | (60) |
Total indirect costs¶ | ** | 1177 | (2947) | 3025 | (6393) | 1042 | (2805) | 1591 | (3922) |
Total costs | 2583 | (3543) | 9667 | (8234) | 2028 | (2918) | 7003 | (6749) |
*Dependent on type of assessment or drug.
†Dependent whether the hospital is academic or private.
‡Shadow price, being equal to the hour price for professional home care.
§Average cost per hour according to the friction cost method. In the analyses, sex-dependent and age-dependent costs are used.
¶Based on absenteeism of paid labour.
**Prices were provided by patients.
COBRA, COmbinatie therapie Bij Reumatoïde Artritis; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.