Demographics and distribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls
| Characteristics | SLE | Healthy controls | p Value |
| Number | 148 | 79 | |
| Female (%) | 87 | 85 | 0.62 |
| Age (years) median (range) | 48 (20–82) | 47 (18–81) | 0.95 |
| Current smoker (%) | 21 | 9 | 0.02 |
| BMI, mean and SD | 25.48±4.94 | 23.45±3.05 | <0.01 |
| Hypertension* (%) | 43 | 18 | <0.01 |
| P-LDL (mmol/L), mean and SD | 3.06±0.95 | 3.16±0.87 | 0.34 |
| P-EMP (EMP/mL), median (25,75) | 2.71×105 (1.54, 7.70×105) | 3.66×105 (1.89, 7.67×105) | 0.46 |
| P-sVCAM-1 (ng/mL), median (25,75) | 783 (623, 965) | 517 (444, 592) | <0.01 |
| RHI, median (25,75) | 2.09 (1.70, 2.54) | 2.16 (1.76, 2.64) | 0.42 |
| Platelet C1q dep (MFI ratio), median (25,75) | 1.82 (1.59, 2.04) | 1.61 (1.45, 1.79) | <0.01 |
| Platelet C4d dep (MFI ratio), median (25,75) | 1.93 (1.56, 3.33) | 1.44 (1.31, 1.65) | <0.01 |
| Serum IFN score (AU), median (25,75) | 1.29 (1.05, 1.92) | ND | - |
| Acute myocardial infarction† (n) | 10 | 0 | - |
| Cerebrovascular insult† (n) | 15 | 0 | - |
| Deep venous thrombosis† (n) | 24 | 0 | - |
| Current medication | |||
| Glucocorticoids‡ (n) | 98 | 0 | - |
| Hydroxychloroquine (n) | 105 | 0 | - |
| Azathioprine (n) | 32 | 0 | - |
| Mycophenolate mofetil (n) | 20 | 0 | - |
| Methotrexate (n) | 13 | 0 | - |
| Intravenous immunoglobulins (n) | 2 | 0 | - |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n) | 12 | 0 | - |
| Acetylsalicylic acid (n) | 44 | 0 | - |
| Warfarin (n) | 23 | 0 | - |
*Hypertension treatment due to high blood pressure or systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg at the time point of blood sampling.
†Medical history.
‡Median daily dose=5 mg, range 1–30 mg.
(25,75), 25th and 75th centiles; AU, arbitrary unit; BMI, body mass index; P-EMP, plama endothelial microparticle; IFN, interferon; P-LDL, plasma low density lipoprotein; MFI, median fluorescence intensity; ND, not determined; Platelet C1q-C4d dep, deposition; RHI, Reactive Hyperaemia Index; P-sVCAM-1, plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.