Clinical characteristics of the 148 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) included in the study according to the 1982 ACR classification criteria and disease activity measured by SLEDAI-2K Score at the time point of investigation
| Characteristics | SLE (n=148) |
| ACR criteria, median (range) | 5 (3–10) |
| Malar rash (%) | 52 |
| Discoid rash (%) | 20 |
| Photosensitivity (%) | 56 |
| Oral ulcers (%) | 24 |
| Arthritis (%) | 78 |
| Serositis (%) | 39 |
| Renal disease (%) | 33 |
| Neurological disorders (%) | 6 |
| Haematological manifestations (%) | 55 |
| Leucopenia (%) | 37 |
| Lymphopenia (%) | 24 |
| Thrombocytopenia (%) | 14 |
| Haemolytic anaemia (%) | 2 |
| Immunology* (%) | 69 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibodies (%) | 59 |
| Anti-Smith antibodies (%) | 10 |
| ANA (%) | 98 |
| SLEDAI-2K Score, median (range) | 1.5 (0–18) |
| Active disease SLEDAI≥4 | 29 |
| Organic brain syndrome (n) | 1 |
| Lupus headache (n) | 3 |
| Vasculitis (n) | 1 |
| Arthritis (n) | 15 |
| Kidney involvement (n) (urinary cast, haematuria, proteinuria or pyuria) | 16 |
| Rash (n) | 18 |
| Alopecia (n) | 4 |
| Oral or nasal ulcers (n) | 4 |
| Pleurisy (n) | 2 |
| Low complement (C3 or C4) (n) | 36 |
| Anti-dsDNA antibodies (n) | 21 |
| Thrombocytopenia (n) | 2 |
| Leucopenia (n) | 9 |
*anti-dsDNA, anti-sm, lupus erythematosus cells, false-positive Wasserman test.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ANA, antinuclear antibody.