Table 2

Multivariable-adjusted association of gout and select risk factors with incident AF

Multivariable-adjusted(Model 1)Multivariable-adjusted(Model 2)Multivariable-adjusted(Model 3)
HR (95% CI)P valueHR (95% CI)P valueHR (95% CI)P value
Age (in years)
 65–<75RefRefRef
 75–<85 1.77 (1.75 to 1.79) <0.0001 1.75 (1.73 to 1.77) <0.0001 1.70 (1.68 to 1.72) <0.0001
 ≥85 2.47 (2.43 to 2.51) <0.0001 2.46 (2.42 to 2.49) <0.0001 2.36 (2.33 to 2.40) <0.0001
Female sex 0.80 (0.79 to 0.81) <0.0001 0.80 (0.79 to 0.81) <0.0001 0.80 (0.79 to 0.81) <0.0001
Race
 WhiteRefRefRef
 Black 0.59 (0.57 to 0.60) <0.0001 0.60 (0.59 to 0.61) <0.0001 0.59 (0.57 to 0.60) <0.0001
 Other 0.57 (0.55 to 0.58) <0.0001 0.58 (0.57 to 0.60) <0.0001 0.57 (0.56 to 0.59) <0.0001
Charlson-Romano score, per unit change 1.15 (1.15 to 1.15) <0.0001 N/AN/A
Charlson-Romano score
 0N/ARefN/A
 1N/A 1.68 (1.65 to 1.71) <0.0001 N/A
 ≥2N/A 2.17 (2.15 to 2.20) <0.0001 N/A
Gout 1.92 (1.88 to 1.96) <0.0001 1.91 (1.87 to 1.95) <0.0001 1.71 (1.67 to 1.75) <0.0001

  • Bold represents statistical significance, with a p<0.05.

  • * Model 1 included Charlson-Romano score as a continuous variable; Model 2 replaced it with categorised Charlson-Romano score and Model 3 replaced it with each of the 17 Charlson-Romano score comorbidities plus hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and coronary artery disease. All models were also adjusted for medications for cardiovascular diseases (statins, beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors) and for gout (allopurinol, febuxostat), which were time-varying covariates, in addition to age.

  • AF, atrial fibrillation; N/A, not applicable; Ref, referent category.