Baseline descriptive data | HR (95% CI) |
Age, continuous | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01)* |
Sex (male vs female) | 0.61 (0.54 to 0.69) |
CRP ≥10 vs.<10 | 0.69 (0.60 to 0.79) |
BASDAI≥4 vs.<4 | 1.79 (1.30 to 2.47) |
BASDAI≥4 vs missing | 1.40 (1.04 to 1.89) |
ASDAS, continuous | 1.14 (1.01 to 1.28) |
Peripheral arthritis vs no arthritis | 1.18 (1.01 to 1.37) |
Treatment, reference=not treated | |
csDMARD | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) |
NSAID | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.22) |
Corticosteroids | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.31) |
Type of TNFi | |
Etanercept vs infliximab | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.77) |
Adalimumab vs infliximab | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.97) |
Golimumab vs infliximab | 0.79 (0.62 to 0.99) |
Certolizumab pegol vs infliximab | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.41) |
SpA-manifestations, reference=no manifestation | |
Anterior uveitis, 0–1.5 years of follow-up | 0.59 (0.49 to 0.71) |
Anterior uveitis,>1.5 years of follow-up | 1.08 (0.84 to 1.37) |
Psoriasis | 1.48 (1.18 to 1.86) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) |
Comorbidities, reference=no comorbidity | |
Cardiovascular disease | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.43) |
Affective disorder | 1.81 (1.54 to 2.13) |
Chronic lung disease | 1.49 (1.22 to 1.82) |
Malignancy | 1.36 (1.06 to 1.74) |
Diabetes | 1.36 (0.99 to 1.87) |
Chronic kidney disease | 0.79 (0.41 to 1.52) |
Socioeconomic factors | |
Tertiles of annual household income | |
Second vs first tertile | 0.98 (0.83 to 1.17) |
Third vs first tertile | 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) |
Fourth vs first tertile | 0.63 (0.52 to 0.77) |
Formal education | |
10 to 12 years vs ≤9 years | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.28) |
≥13 years vs ≤9 years | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.03) |
Percentage of sick leave/disability pension† | |
1%–49% vs no | 1.47 (1.25 to 1.73) |
50%–99% vs no | 1.74 (1.42 to 2.12) |
100% vs no | 2.01 (1.65 to 2.44) |
* p value<0.001.
†Net days of sick leave or disability pension during 1 year before start first TNFi.
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; ASDAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity iIndex; CRP, C-reactive protein; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SpA, spondyloarthritis; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.