Predicted probability of high adherence to maintenance treatments per posthoc simplified ankylosing spondylitis model
| Treatment†‡ | Component being rated | Predicted high adherence* probability (% (95% CI)) in patients with AS (n=812) | |||
| White patients | Non-white patients | ||||
| Low BMQ-Specific Concerns Score (<14) | High BMQ-Specific Concerns Score (≥14) | Low BMQ-Specific Concerns Score (<14) | High BMQ-Specific Concerns Score (≥14) | ||
| Age ≥44 years | |||||
| csDMARD-TNFi combination | TNFi | 94.1 (87.6 to 97.3) | 90.5 (81.6 to 95.4) | 82.2 (66.9 to 91.4) | 73.4 (56.3 to 85.5) |
| TNFi monotherapy | TNFi | 90.2 (83.5 to 94.4) | 84.6 (75.9 to 90.5) | 72.6 (56.7 to 84.3) | 61.2 (45.2 to 75.1) |
| NSAID-TNFi combination | TNFi | 82.7 (68.6 to 91.3) | 74.0 (57.1 to 85.8) | 57.9 (37.2 to 76.1) | 45.0 (26.9 to 64.5) |
| csDMARD-TNFi combination | csDMARD | 68.1 (51.5 to 81.1) | 56.0 (39.3 to 71.4) | 38.1 (21.8 to 57.5) | 26.8 (14.8 to 43.6) |
| NSAID-csDMARD combination | csDMARD | 52.8 (28.4 to 76.0) | 40.0 (19.6 to 64.5) | 24.4 (9.6 to 49.5) | 16.1 (6.2 to 35.8) |
| csDMARD monotherapy | csDMARD | 46.7 (17.2 to 78.7) | 34.2 (10.7 to 69.3) | 20.1 (5.2 to 53.6) | 13.0 (3.1 to 41.1) |
| NSAID-TNFi combination | NSAID | 44.5 (26.5 to 64.0) | 32.3 (17.7 to 51.5) | 18.7 (8.4 to 36.7) | 12.1 (5.3 to 25.3) |
| NSAID-csDMARD combination | NSAID | 45.8 (22.8 to 70.8) | 33.5 (15.2 to 58.5) | 19.6 (7.3 to 43.1) | 12.7 (4.6 to 30.3) |
| NSAID monotherapy | NSAID | 48.7 (27.6 to 70.2) | 36.1 (18.6 to 58.2) | 21.4 (8.9 to 43.3) | 14.0 (5.6 to 30.8) |
| Age <44 years | |||||
| csDMARD-TNFi combination | TNFi | 86.0 (73.6 to 93.1) | 78.5 (63.1 to 88.7) | 63.9 (45.2 to 79.1) | 51.3 (34.1 to 68.1) |
| TNFi monotherapy | TNFi | 77.9 (67.3 to 85.7) | 67.7 (55.4 to 77.9) | 50.3 (35.5 to 65.0) | 37.6 (25.4 to 51.6) |
| NSAID-TNFi combination | TNFi | 64.6 (46.6 to 79.2) | 52.1 (34.3 to 69.4) | 34.4 (19.7 to 53.0) | 23.8 (13.0 to 39.6) |
| csDMARD-TNFi combination | csDMARD | 44.9 (28.2 to 62.9) | 32.7 (19.0 to 50.2) | 19.0 (9.7 to 33.9) | 12.3 (6.1 to 23.0) |
| NSAID-csDMARD combination | csDMARD | 29.9 (12.7 to 55.6) | 20.3 (8.1 to 42.3) | 11.0 (3.8 to 27.4) | 6.8 (2.4 to 17.9) |
| csDMARD monotherapy | csDMARD | 25.1 (7.2 to 59.2) | 16.6 (4.2 to 47.3) | 8.8 (2.0 to 30.8) | 5.4 (1.2 to 21.4) |
| NSAID-TNFi combination | NSAID | 23.4 (12.0 to 40.8) | 15.4 (7.3 to 29.6) | 8.1 (3.4 to 17.9) | 5.0 (2.1 to 11.5) |
| NSAID-csDMARD combination | NSAID | 24.4 (9.8 to 49.1) | 16.1 (6.1 to 36.4) | 8.5 (2.9 to 22.7) | 5.2 (1.8 to 14.6) |
| NSAID monotherapy | NSAID | 26.6 (12.6 to 47.7) | 17.7 (7.8 to 35.5) | 9.4 (3.6 to 22.3) | 5.8 (2.2 to 14.5) |
*High/full medication adherence: 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale©=4.
†With or without concomitant glucocorticoid.
‡Some combinations are not recommended according to the American College of Rheumatology, Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society and the European League Against Rheumatism.22–24
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; BMQ, Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.