HRs (95% CIs) for serious infections in patients with RA and NIRMD by the infection, aetiology and site, age and sex adjustment, and using LASSO with GC and without
| Infection | Age and sex adjusted model | LASSO model HR (with GC) (95% CI) * | LASSO model HR (without GC) (95% CI) * |
| All infections | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
| (1.5–2.0) | (1.2–1.5) | (1.5–1.9) | |
| Opportunistic | 3.1 | 1.7 | 2.7 |
| (1.4–6.6) | (0.8–3.9) | (1.3–6.0) | |
| Herpes zoster | 2.9 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
| (1.2–6.7) | (0.7–4.2) | (1.2–6.7) | |
| By aetiology | |||
| Bacterial | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| (1.6–2.3) | (1.2–1.8) | (1.5–2.3) | |
| Viral | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| (1.0–2.8) | (0.7–2.0) | (0.9–2.5) | |
| Fungal | 5.1 | 2.7 | 4.6 |
| (1.2–21.0) | (0.6–11.7) | (1.1–19.5) | |
| Unknown aetiology | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| (1.5–2.0) | (1.0–1.5) | (1.4–1.9) | |
| By site | |||
| Respiratory | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.6 |
| (1.5–2.2) | (1.1–1.6) | (1.4–2.0) | |
| Central nervous system | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
| (1.1–1.6) | (0.3–3.7) | (0.4–5.2) | |
| Abdominal | 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 |
| (1.1–4.1) | (0.7–2.9) | (1.1–4.1) | |
| Urinary | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| (0.5–1.6) | (0.4–1.4) | (0.4–1.4) | |
| Bloodstream including sepsis | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.2 |
| (1.6–2.9) | (1.2–2.4) | (1.6–3.0) | |
| Skin, bone and joint infections | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
| (1.3–2.1) | (1.1–1.8) | (1.4–2.2) | |
| Unknown site | 2.9 | 1.6 | 2.6 |
| (1.4–6.0) | (0.7–3.3) | (1.2–5.3) |
*Bold, p<0.05
GC, glucocorticoid; LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; NIRMD, non-inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.