First author +ref. | Year | Study design | No. cases | Efficacy | Immunogenicity | Safety | Influence of IS on eff./imm. | LoE | ||
Eff. | Imm. | Saf. | ||||||||
Rosdahl146 | 2018 | Cohort | 69 RA 58 HC | – | Reduced in RA | No SAE Mild systemic AE in 17% (HC and RA combined) | – | – | 2b | 4 |
Askling145 | 2014 | Cohort | 53 RA: 15 anti-TNF 21 anti-TNF +MTX 17 MTX | – | Seroprotection in 10% after 1 month, 83% at month 7 (1 month after second dose) | One meningoencephalitis 2.5 weeks after second dose Mild AE in 2 | Possibly reduced on MTX | – | 2b | 4 |
Van den Bijllaardt147 | 2013 | Cohort (retrospective) | 173 IS-treated: 31 anti-TNF 123 DMARD 19 Other | – | – | Reduced imm. on anti-TNF in multivariate regression analysis | – | 2b | – |
AIIRD, autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; eff., efficacy; HC, healthy control; imm., immunogenicity; IS, immunosuppressives; LoE, Level of evidence; MTX, methotrexate; No., number; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ref., reference; (S)AE, (serious) adverse event; Saf., safety; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.