Baseline characteristics by vital status at the end of follow-up
| Variable | Alive | Dead | P value |
| Age (years) | 58 (49–69) | 75 (64–80) | <0.001 |
| Disease duration (years) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–10) | 0.936 |
| Number of flares/previous year | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| Tophi | 75 (47.5%) | 83 (52.5%) | <0.001 |
| sUA (baseline) (mg/dL) | 8.7 (8.1–9.7) | 9.3 (8.5–10.7) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 75.0 (48.0–98.0) | 57.2 (39.7–86.4) | <0.001 |
| Clinical evolution | <0.001 | ||
| Tophi without arthritis | 3 (0.3%) | – | |
| Monoarticular | 162 (15.8%) | 14 (8.9%) | |
| Oligoarticular | 511 (49.8%) | 62 (39.2%) | |
| Polyarticular | 350 (34.10%) | 82 (51.9%) | |
| First-line treatment | <0.001 | ||
| Without treatment | 120 (11.6%) | 13 (8.2%) | |
| Allopurinol | 658 (63.8%) | 82 (51.9%) | |
| Benzbromarone | 167 (16.2%) | 46 (29.1%) | |
| Febuxostat | 87 (8.4%) | 17 (10.8%) | |
| Tophi | 315 (30.5%) | 83 (52.5%) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity and risk factors | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 (25.6–30.4) | 27.2 (24.6–30.5) | 0.163 |
| Ethanol consumption >20 g/d | 350 (34.5%) | 28 (17.8%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 484 (47.7%) | 122 (77.7%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 176 (17.4%) | 59 (37.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 505 (49.9%) | 60 (38.2%) | 0.007 |
| Previous CV event | 259 (25.5%) | 104 (66.2%) | <0.001 |
| Kaiser strata | <0.001 | ||
| No risk factors | 67 (22.9%) | 2 (6.2%) | |
| 1–2 chronic diseases | 92 (31.5%) | 6 (18.7%) | |
| Comorbidity (3–4 diseases) | 89 (30.5%) | 9 (28.1%) | |
| Frailty (5+ diseases) | 44 (15.1%) | 15 (46.9%) | |
| Treatment and target | |||
| Urate-lowering drugs | 417 (40.3%) | 66 (41.8%) | |
| sUA target achieved | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 806 (85.3%) | 110 (73.3%) | |
| No | 139 (14.7%) | 40 (26.7%) |
Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR).
BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; sUA, serum uric acid.