Pathways between osteoarthritis and mortality via walking frequency, depression, anxiety and unrefreshed sleep: total, direct and indirect effects
| Mediator | Association between osteoarthritis and potential mediator | ||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Pathway | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| – | Total effect (no mediators) | 1.11(1.06to1.17) | |
| Walking frequency | Direct | 1.05(1.00to1.10) | |
| Frequent walker | Reference | Indirect | 1.05(1.04to1.06) |
| Non-frequent walker | 1.89(1.82 to1.97)* | Total | 1.10(1.05to1.15) |
| Depression | Direct | 1.08(1.03to1.13) | |
| No depression | Reference | Indirect | 1.02(1.02to1.03) |
| Depression | 2.10(2.00 to2.21)† | Total | 1.11(1.06to1.16) |
| Anxiety | Direct | 1.10(1.05to1.15) | |
| No anxiety | Reference | Indirect | 1.01(1.00to1.02) |
| Anxiety | 1.96(1.88 to2.05)‡ | Total | 1.11(1.06to1.16) |
| Unrefreshed sleep | Direct | 1.09(1.05to1.14) | |
| Refreshed sleep | Reference | Indirect | 1.01(1.00to1.01) |
| Unrefreshed sleep | 1.98(1.88 to2.09)§ | Total | 1.12(1.08to1.17) |
All models adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, smoking status, cognitive behaviour, BMI, consultation for ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and self-report of heart conditions.
Significant associations between predictor and mediator and indirect effects are in bold.
*E value for point estimate=2.09; E value for lower CI=2.04.
†E value for point estimate=2.26; E value for lower CI=2.18.
‡E value for point estimate=2.15; E value for lower CI=2.08.
§E value for point estimate=2.16; E value for lower CI=2.08.
BMI, body mass index.