Table 3

Logistic regression analyses for cardiac conduction disturbance at 5-year follow-up in 172 patients with AS

	Univariate model		Age- and sex-adjusted model
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)*	P value
General characteristics at baseline
Men (vs women)	4.8 (1.6 to 14.8)	0.006	6.4 (2.0 to 20.8)	0.002
Age†, per 5 years
Men	1.5 (1.2 to 2.0)	0.001	n.a.
Women	1.4 (0.9 to 2.4)	0.168	n.a.
Current or past smoking (vs non-smokers)	2.2 (0.9 to 5.6)	0.086	1.4 (0.5 to 3.9)	0.492
Waist circumference, per 5 cm	1.4 (1.2 to 1.7)	<0.001	1.3 (1.1 to 1.6)	0.006
BMI ≥25 kg/m² (vs BMI <25 kg/m²)	4.3 (1.5 to 12.2)	0.006	2.7 (0.9 to 8.3)	0.077
AS characteristics at baseline
Symptom duration‡, per 5 years
Men	1.4 (1.2 to 1.8)	0.001	n.a.
Women	1.8 (1.0 to 3.0)	0.036	n.a.
HLA-B27-positive (vs HLA-B27-negative)	3.8 (0.5 to 29.7)	0.202	3.8 (0.5 to 31.1)	0.221
History of peripheral arthritis	2.3 (0.8 to 6.0)	0.106	2.4 (0.8 to 7.2)	0.116
History of anterior uveitis	5.5 (1.8 to 17.0)	0.003	4.4 (1.3 to 14.5)	0.016
At least one syndesmophyte	3.9 (1.4 to 10.4)	0.007	1.6 (0.5 to 4.9)	0.403
Log₁₀ (mSASSS +1)§, score	2.8 (1.3 to 5.9)	0.008	0.8 (0.3 to 2.1)	0.714
ASDAS-CRP score	2.2 (1.3 to 3.6)	0.003	2.3 (1.3 to 4.0)	0.005
ASDAS-CRP ≥2.1(vs ASDAS-CRP <2.1)	2.3 (0.9 to 5.7)	0.076	2.4 (0.9 to 6.7)	0.08
BASDAI score	1.2 (1.0 to 1.5)	0.109	1.2 (1.0 to 1.6)	0.064
BASMI‡ score	1.6 (1.2 to 2.1)	0.001
Men	1.5 (1.1 to 1.9)	0.008	n.a.
Women	1.8 (0.8 to 4.3)	0.187	n.a.
BASFI score	1.4 (1.1 to 1.7)	0.003	1.3 (1.0 to 1.6)	0.050
CRP ≥5 mg/L (vs CRP <5 mg/L)	1.9 (0.8 to 4.7)	0.147	1.9 (0.7 to 5.1)	0.189
Cardiovascular characteristics at baseline
CCD	33.0 (10.8 to 100.8)	<0.001	24.8 (7.3 to 84.5)	<0.001
Aortic regurgitation	2.6 (0.9 to 7.4)	0.086	1.1 (0.3 to 4.0)	0.884
Systolic blood pressure, per 10 mm Hg	1.3 (1.1 to 1.7)	0.007	1.2 (0.9 to 1.5)	0.162
Diastolic blood pressure, per 5 mm Hg	1.0 (0.8 to 1.2)	0.785	1.0 (0.8 to 1.3)	0.898
Reported comorbidity at baseline
Hypertension	2.9 (1.2 to 7.1)	0.021	1.2 (0.4 to 3.5)	0.705
Hyperlipidaemia	4.3 (1.1 to 16.0)	0.031	2.7 (0.6 to 12.5)¶	0.193
Medications at baseline
Antiplatelets or anticoagulants	12.7 (3.9 to 41.6)	<0.001	6.3 (1.6 to 25.0)¶	0.009
Antiplatelets	12.6 (3.6 to 44.4)	<0.001	7.0 (1.5 to 31.8)¶	0.012
Antihypertensives	5.4 (2.1 to 13.6)	<0.001	2.5 (0.8 to 7.6)¶	0.112
ACE inhibitors/ARBs	4.6 (1.6 to 13.1)	0.005	1.4 (0.4 to 4.9)¶	0.562
Beta-blockers	7.3 (2.6 to 20.4)	<0.001	3.4 (1.0 to 11.5)¶	0.045
DMARDs	0.5 (0.2 to 1.4)	0.162	0.5 (0.2 to 1.5)	0.206
TNF inhibitors	0.3 (0.1 to 1.6)	0.169	0.3 (0.1 to 1.7)	0.189
csDMARDs	0.6 (0.2 to 1.7)	0.316	0.6 (0.2 to 1.8)	0.356
NSAIDs	1.0 (0.4 to 3.0)	0.965	1.4 (0.4 to 4.3)	0.583

Univariate and age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses presented as OR (95% CI) for each baseline variable, CCD at follow-up (yes/no) as dependent variable.
*The variable sex (men vs women) is adjusted for age only.
†ORs for age are stratified by sex.
‡High correlation was noted between age and symptom duration, in men between age and BASMI. The ORs for symptom duration and BASMI are therefore stratified by sex and not age- and sex-adjusted.
§Due to skewness of distribution, mSASSS +1 was log-transformed.
¶None (antiplatelets or anticoagulants) or less than five positive observations (hyperlipidaemia, antihypertensives with subcategories) in patients below 50 years of age at baseline.
ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers;AS, ankylosing spondylitis; ASDAS-CRP, AS Disease Activity Score-C reactive protein; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASMI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index;BMI, body mass index; CCD, cardiac conduction disturbance; CRP, C reactive protein; csDMARDs, conventional synthetic DMARDs; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs;HLA-B27, human leukocyte antigen-B27; mSASSS, modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score; n.a., not applicable; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.