Characteristics at the time of 2019 EULAR/ACR-based classification in the GLADEL cohort patients classified at the same time, earlier, or later than based on the 1982/1997 ACR criteria
| At EULAR/ACR classification | EULAR/ACR classification at the Same time, (%) | EULAR/ACR classification earlier, (%) | EULAR/ACR classification later, (%) | P value | |
| n=956 | n=556 (58.2) | n=71 (7.4) | n=329 (34.4) | ||
| Demographic | |||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| Mestizos | 368 (38.5) | 190 (34.2) | 43 (61.4) | 135 (41.2) | |
| Caucasian | 464 (48.5) | 289 (52.0) | 21 (30.0) | 154 (47.0) | |
| African Latin American | 103 (10.8) | 68 (12.2) | 6 (8.6) | 29 (8.8) | |
| Others | 19 (2.0) | 9 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (3.1) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.450 | ||||
| Female | 860 (90.0) | 497 (89.4) | 62 (87.3) | 301 (91.5) | |
| Male | 96 (10.0) | 59 (10.6) | 9 (12.7) | 28 (8.5) | |
| Age at enrolment, mean (SD), years | 29.8 (12.4) | 29.8 (12.8) | 30.4 (11.6) | 29.5 (11.7) | 0.858 |
| Clinical | |||||
| SLEDAI score at enrolment, mean (SD) | 10.7 (8.0) | 10.9 (7.9) | 9.3 (7.7) | 10.7 (8.2) | 0.350 |
| ACR/EULAR criteria | |||||
| Clinical domains | |||||
| Fever* | 64.6 | 64.4 | 59.2 | 66.3 | 0.515 |
| Acute cutaneous (or malar rash)* | 69.0 | 65.5 | 54.9 | 78.1 | <0.001 |
| Subacute cutaneous lupus or discoid rash* | 4.3 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 0.397 |
| Oral ulcers* | 45.4 | 41.6 | 36.6 | 53.8 | 0.001 |
| Non-scarring alopecia* | 64.9 | 65.7 | 60.6 | 64.4 | 0.687 |
| Synovitis* | 84.6 | 83.1 | 78.9 | 88.5 | 0.039 |
| Seizures* | 10.3 | 10.1 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 0.802 |
| Psychosis* | 7.6 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 8.8 | 0.386 |
| Delirium* | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Acute pericarditis* | 16.6 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 0.996 |
| Pleural or pericardial effusion* | 31.4 | 30.9 | 26.8 | 33.1 | 0.543 |
| Thrombocytopaenia* | 24.3 | 24.1 | 25.4 | 24.3 | 0.973 |
| Autoimmune hemolysis* | 13.6 | 16.7 | 7.0 | 9.7 | 0.003 |
| Leucopaenia* | 56.7 | 55.8 | 53.5 | 59.0 | 0.554 |
| Proteinuria* | 48.3 | 47.5 | 50.7 | 49.2 | 0.807 |
| Renal biopsy II or V* | 7.6 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 0.270 |
| Renal biopsy III or IV* | 19.1 | 19.2 | 21.1 | 18.5 | 0.876 |
| Immunologic | |||||
| aCL >40 or LAC (+)†* | 59.5 | 59.1 | 59.6 | 60.1 | 0.973 |
| Low C3 or C4‡* | 72.9 | 74.0 | 75.9 | 70.3 | 0.498 |
| Low C3 and C4‡* | 55.3 | 57.6 | 56.9 | 51.0 | 0.218 |
| Anti-Sm§* | 48.6 | 47.9 | 44.4 | 50.6 | 0.747 |
| Anti-dsDNA¶* | 74.9 | 75.5 | 87.3 | 71.1 | 0.023 |
Categorical variables were compared using X2 test and Freeman-Halton test while continuous variables were compared with Wilcoxon test.
*Values are depicted as percentages.
†Data available in 622 patients.
‡Data available in 767 patients.
§Data available in 517 patients.
¶Data available in 863 patients.
aCL, anticardiolipin antibodies; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio de Lupus; LAC, lupus anticoagulant; NA, not available; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.