Multivariate analyses of the relation between baseline characteristics and BMD over the study period*
| Women | Men | |||||||
| Femoral neck | Lumbar spine | Femoral neck | Lumbar spine | |||||
| Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | |
| Postmenopausal | −0.50 | −0.88 to −0.11 | −0.33 | −0.74 to 0.08 | NA | NA | ||
| BMI | 0.24 | 0.07 to 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.23 to 0.57 | 0.70 | 0.46 to 0.95 | 0.48 | 0.23 to 0.74 |
| Smoking (ever) | −0.09 | −0.44 to 0.26 | −0.13 | −0.49 to 0.23 | 0.38 | −0.25 to 1.02 | 0.50 | −0.16 to 1.17 |
| Positive anti-CCP | NI | −0.39 | −0.75 to −0.03 | NI | NI | |||
| HRT | NI | 0.67 | 0.23 to 1.11 | NA | NA | |||
Bold text indicates significant associations.
*Mixed linear effect models; estimated mean differences over time (Z-scores), per SD or positive versus negative. Adjusted for all variables in the table.
anti-CCP, anticyclic citrullinated protein; BMD, bone mineral density; BMI, body mass index; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; NA, not applicable; NI, not included.