Patient-reported quality of life and societal burden by pain and fatigue levels
| Pain | Fatigue | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Low (BP score 76–100) | Moderate (BP score 53–75) | Severe (BP score 0–52) | P value | Low (VT score 66–100) | Moderate (VT score 51–65) | Severe (VT score 0–50) | P value | |
| EQ-5D-3L | (n=625) | (n=208) | (n=183) | (n=234) | (n=198) | (n=143) | (n=284) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.756 (0.288) | 0.960 (0.094) | 0.790 (0.213) | 0.548 (0.313) | <0.0001 | 0.940 (0.100) | 0.776 (0.247) | 0.618 (0.320) | <0.0001 |
| EQ-VAS | (n=625) | (n=206) | (n=187) | (n=236) | (n=201) | (n=144) | (n=284) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 69.9 (19.2) | 82.0 (15.6) | 72.1 (14.4) | 57.5 (18.0) | <0.0001 | 82.5 (13.6) | 71.8 (17.3) | 60.0 (18.1) | <0.0001 |
| HAQ-DI | (n=625) | (n=206) | (n=184) | (n=235) | (n=200) | (n=141) | (n=284) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.7) | <0.0001 | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.6) | 1 (0.8) | <0.0001 |
| SF-36v2 Q9. How much time during the past week … have you been happy?, n (%) | (n=635) | (n=211) | (n=186) | (n=238) | <0.0001 | (n=203) | (n=143) | (n=289) | <0.0001 |
| All/most of the time | 298 (46.9) | 152 (72.0) | 90 (48.4) | 56 (23.5) | 180 (88.7) | 68 (47.6) | 50 (17.3) | ||
| Some of the time | 220 (34.6) | 42 (19.9) | 73 (39.2) | 105 (44.1) | 21 (10.3) | 61 (42.7) | 138 (47.8) | ||
| A little/none of the time | 117 (18.4) | 17 (8.1) | 23 (12.4) | 77 (32.4) | 2 (1.0) | 14 (9.8) | 101 (34.9) | ||
| Current employment status among patients of working age, n (%) | (n=545) | (n=188) | (n=161) | (n=196) | <0.0001 | (n=176) | (n=123) | (n=246) | 0.0001 |
| Employed/Student/Homemaker | 458 (84.0) | 169 (89.9) | 134 (83.2) | 155 (79.1) | 160 (90.9) | 102 (82.9) | 196 (79.7) | ||
| Unemployed/retired not due to condition or unspecified | 25 (4.6) | 15 (8.0) | 25 (15.5) | 22 (11.2) | 16 (9.1) | 18 (14.6) | 28 (11.4) | ||
| Unemployed/retired due to condition | 62 (11.4) | 4 (2.1) | 2 (1.2) | 19 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.4) | 22 (8.9) | ||
| WPAI: Overall Work Impairment, % | (n=319) | (n=117) | (n=98) | (n=104) | (n=113) | (n=73) | (n=133) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 26.9 (25.6) | 8.5 (13.5) | 25.1 (19.1) | 49.4 (24.0) | <0.0001 | 9.5 (12.0) | 28.5 (24.9) | 40.9 (25.7) | <0.0001 |
| WPAI: Presenteeism, % | (n=337) | (n=129) | (n=101) | (n=107) | (n=122) | (n=76) | (n=139) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 24.0 (23.4) | 7.8 (12.6) | 22.0 (16.1) | 45.3 (22.8) | <0.0001 | 8.3 (10.5) | 26.6 (23.2) | 36.3 (23.8) | <0.0001 |
| WPAI: Absenteeism, % | (n=329) | (n=117) | (n=100) | (n=112) | (n=114) | (n=76) | (n=139) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 7.2 (18.4) | 0.5 (2.2) | 5.6 (14.6) | 15.6 (26.2) | <0.0001 | 1.9 (10.7) | 6.2 (17.4) | 12.1 (22.4) | <0.0001 |
| WPAI: Activity Impairment, % | (n=623) | (n=207) | (n=183) | (n=233) | (n=200) | (n=141) | (n=282) | ||
| Mean (SD) | 32.2 (27.4) | 8.9 (12.1) | 27.4 (17.8) | 56.6 (23.0) | <0.0001 | 10.9 (13.6) | 31.3 (23.7) | 47.7 (26.1) | <0.0001 |
Tertiles generated to balance patient numbers between the groups, while still satisfying the definitions of low, moderate and severe pain and fatigue.
BP, bodily pain domain; EQ-5D-3L, 3-level version of 5-dimension EuroQol questionnaire, EQ-VAS, EuroQol visual analogue scale; HAQ-DI, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index; SF-36v2, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form version 2; VT, vitality; Q, question; WPAI, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire.