B cell subset | Marker | Further markers | Origin | B cells | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDs | Autoimmunity | Function | ||||
ABC-like B cells | CD19hi CD27lo CD21lo CD11chi | CD23lo CD24lo CD38lo IL-4Rlo CD95hi CD86+ FCRL5+ | CD27- memory B cells | Mean 5%*32 | CVID (EUROClass; group SmB± CD21lo: ≥10%)* SLE ca. 8–22%,7 35 depending on SLEDAI RA: up to ca. 17%34 pSS: median 8.7%36 | Production of autoantibodies Pathogenic role by abnormal TFH diff. and GC selection38 |
DN2 | CD19+ IgD-CD27-CXCR5-CD24lo | See14 | Naïve B cells | ≤5%* | SLE: Up to 75%* | Production of autoantibodies Precursor of ASCs |
Syk high | CD19hiCD20hiCD27-SykhiCD38lo | pSyk++ see39 | CD27- memory B cells | 6.4% | SLE 16.1% | Precursor of ASCs |
*, of peripheral CD19+ B cells.
ABCs, age-/autoimmune-associated B cells; ASCs, antibody-secreting cells; CVID, common variable immunodeficiency; DN, double-negative (CD27- IgD-) B cells; GC, germinal centre; HDs, healthy donors; pSS, primary Sjögren’s syndrome; pSyk, phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity; Sm, Smith.