Direct costs Cost of care | Outpatient costs | - Visits to physicians (specialists and other) - Outpatient surgery - Emergency room visits - Non-physician service utilisation (physiotherapist, occupational therapist, social worker, psychologist, etc) - Medication - Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures and tests - Devices and aids |
Inpatient costs | - Acute hospital facilities (without surgery) - Acute hospital facilities (surgery) - Non-acute hospital facilities (rehabilitation, nursing homes) | |
Other disease-related costs (direct) | - Transportation - Home healthcare services - Home remodelling - Medical equipment (non-prescription) - Non-medical practitioner, alternative therapy - Patient time | |
Indirect costs Productivity loss | - Loss of productivity in employed patients (sick leave, work disability) - Opportunity costs (loss of productivity due to time spent by nursing family members, disabilities leading to impaired housekeeping or activities of daily life) - Low wages |
Adapted from Merkesdal et al. 2