The clinical questions/PICOs addressed in this review. Questions #1 to #5 and #7 were answered on the basis of the articles identified in the first literature search. An additional literature search was performed to answer question #6 (online supplemental A)
| # | Clinical question | P | I | C | O |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What strategies are efficacious in facilitating adherent behaviour? | Adults with any RMD | Any intervention or strategy managing non-adherence | SoC or other strategy | Adherence |
| 2 | What are the factors (barriers, facilitators) that need to be considered to minimise or reduce non-adherence? | – | – | Barriers and facilitators of adherence | |
| 3 | What is the impact of SDM and of effective communication on non-adherence? | SDM and effective communication | – | Adherence | |
| 4 | What are the practical things we can do in order to prevent non-adherence? | Effective interventions or strategies for enhancing adherence | – | Components of intervention | |
| 5 | What are the effects of non-adherence on outcome? | (Non-)Adherence | – | Outcome: Treatment effect, Function Disability Structural damage Fracture | |
| 6 | How is non-adherence screened/detected? | Measurement or screening instruments | – | Screening performance Metric properties | |
| 7 | Which healthcare providers are responsible for managing non-adherence? | Effective interventions or strategies for enhancing adherence | – | Health-care provider performing intervention |
PICO, Population; Intervention/factor; Comparator; Outcome; RMD, rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease; SoC, standard of care; SDM, shared decision making.