Table 2

Trials investigating Janus kinase inhibitors and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors

Study	Population	Risk of bias	Treatment	n	Primary end point	P value	% of patients achieving primary end point
Rheumatoid arthritis
van Vollenhoven 2012 (ORAL Standard)³⁰	MTX-IR	Low	PLC+MTX (Combination group)	106	% ACR20 (week 24)	Reference	28
			TOFA 5 mg two times per day+MTX	204		<0.001	52
			TOFA 10 mg two times per day+MTX	201		<0.001	53
			ADA 40 mg EOW+MTX	204		<0.001	47
Fleischmann 2017 (ORAL Strategy)³¹	MTX-IR	Low	TOFA 5 mg two times per day+PLC	384	Non-inferiority: % ACR50 (week 24)	NI not met −8% (98.34% CI −16 to 1)	65
			TOFA 5 mg two times per day+MTX	376		NI met 2% (98.34% CI −6 to 11)	73
			ADA 40 mg Q2W+MTX	386		Reference	71
Taylor 2017 (RA-BEAM)³²	MTX-IR	Low	PLC+MTX	488	Superiority: % ACR20 (week 12)	–	40
			BARI 4 mg+MTX	487		0.01	70
			ADA 40 mg EOW+MTX	330		Reference	61
Fleischmann 2018 (SELECT-COMPARE)^{33 34}	MTX-IR	Low	PLC+MTX	651	Superiority: % ACR50 (week 12)	–	15
			UPA 15 mg OD+MTX	651		<0.001	45
			ADA 40 mg EOW+MTX	327		Reference	29
Psoriatic arthritis
Mease 2017 (OPAL Broaden)⁵	csDMARD-IR	Low	PLC±csDMARD	105	% ACR20 (week 12) ΔHAQ (week 12)	Reference	33; −0.18
			TOFA 5 mg two times per day±csDMARD	107		<0.01; 0.006	50; −0.35
			TOFA 10 mg two times per day±csDMARD	104		<0.001; <0.001	61; −0.4
			ADA 40 mg EOW±csDMARD	106		NR	52; −0.38
Chronic plaque psoriasis
Bachelez 2015³⁵	Candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy +PASI >12 +PGA moderate/severe +csDMARD-IR	Low	Placebo	107	Non-inferiority: % PASI 75 (week 12) % PGA clear/almost clear (week 12)	–	6
			TOFA 5 mg two times per day	329		NI not met <0.001/<0.001	40
			TOFA 10 mg two times per day	330		NI met 0.20/0.60	64
			ETA 50 mg twice weekly	335		Reference	59

ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ADA, adalimumab; BARI, baricitinib; csDMARD, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; EOW, every other week; ETA, etanercept; ΔHAQ, changes from baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index; IR, insufficient responder; MTX, methotrexate; NI, non-inferiority; PASI, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index; PGA, Physician Global Assessment; PLC, placebo; TOFA, tofacitinib; UPA, upadacitinib.