Predictors of renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis*
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age at nephritis diagnosis | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.049 | ||
| Gender (male) | 1.60 (1.04–2.48) | 0.033 | 1.83 (1.17–2.86) | 0.008 |
| Residence (rural) | 0.87 (0.49–1.53) | 0.620 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | Ref. | |||
| Mestizo | 1.51 (1.07–2.13) | 0.191 | ||
| African Latin-American | 1.41 (0.84–2.35) | 0.195 | ||
| Others | 1.04 (0.38–2.89) | 0.933 | ||
| SES | ||||
| High | 0.27 (0.10–0.74) | 0.011 | 0.25 (0.09–0.69) | 0.007 |
| Medium | 0.62 (0.43–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.70 (0.49–1.01) | 0.058 |
| Low | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Early treatment response | 0.49 (0.32–0.76) | 0.002 | 0.57 (0.37–0.90) | 0.014 |
| Proteinuria | 1.39 (0.72–2.59) | 0.338 | ||
| Low complement | 1.42 (1.03–1.96) | 0.032 | ||
| Anti-dsDNA | 1.28 (0.94–1.75) | 0.118 | ||
| Red cell casts | 2.10 (1.54–2.87) | <0.001 | ||
| Creatinine level | 1.18 (1.09–1.26) | <0.001 | ||
| Hypertension | 2.37 (1.70–3.30) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.31–2.64) | <0.001 |
| Renal component of SLEDAI | 2.26 (1.62–3.16) | <0.001 | 2.02 (1.43–2.84) | <0.001 |
| Prednisone dose | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 0.008 | ||
| Immunosuppressive drugs use | 1.50 (1.10–2.05) | 0.011 | ||
| Antimalarial use | 0.454 (0.37–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.37–0.79) | 0.002 |
*Clinically or histologically.
Anti-dsDNA, Anti-double-stranded DNA; SES, Socioeconomic status; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.