Factors associated with anxiety, self-isolation and medication adherence
| Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses | |||||||||
| I was very worried to get COVID-19 infection, March n=11 295 | Change from being worried in March to not being worried in June, n=11 288 | My arthritis caused me to self-isolate more than others my age, March n=11 302 | Changed at least one medication due to fear of COVID-19, March† n=8976 | ||||||
| Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Male gender | 0.54 (0.50 to 0.59) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) | 0.001 | 0.57 (0.52 to 0.62) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) | <0.001 | |
| Age, years | ≤39 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||||
| 40–59 | 0.91 (0.76 to 1.07) | 0.2 | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.77 (0.65 to 0.90) | 0.001 | 1.26 (0.85 to 1.95) | 0.3 | |
| 60–79 | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.32) | 0.3 | 0.79 (0.66 to 0.95) | 0.01 | 0.71 (0.60 to 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.59 to 1.48) | 0.7 | |
| ≥80 | 0.89 (0.68 to 1.17) | 0.4 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) | 0.6 | 0.60 (0.46 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.11 (0.006 to 0.52) | 0.03 | |
| Diagnosis | RA | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||||
| PsA | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.22) | 0.95 | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.19) | 0.4 | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) | 0.5 | 1.26 (0.95 to 1.65) | 0.1 | |
| AxSpA | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.04) | 0.16 | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.21) | 0.5 | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.91 (0.64 to 1.27) | 0.6 | |
| Other | 1.56 (0.96 to 1.39) | 0.12 | 1.11 (0.92 to 1.33) | 0.3 | 1.03 (0.87 to 1.22) | 0.7 | 0.84 (0.48 to 1.38) | 0.5 | |
| Lower education, yes | 1.18 (1.08 to 1.29) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.05) | 0.3 | 0.99 (0.92 to 1.07) | 0.8 | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.69) | <0.001 | |
| Working, yes* | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.93) | 0.001 | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.5 | 0.78 (0.71 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.16 to 1.99) | 0.003 | |
| Cohabitant, yes | 1.16 (1.04 to 1.30) | 0.005 | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.22) | 0.1 | 1.04 (0.94 to 1.15) | 0.5 | 1.33 (0.99 to 1.84) | 0.07 | |
| Use of bDMARD, yes | 1.83 (1.60 to 2.11) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.30) | 0.1 | 2.34 (2.04 to 2.67) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.02 to 3.81) | 0.05 | |
| Use of cdDMARD, yes | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22) | 0.4 | 1.08 (0.93 to 1.25) | 0.3 | 1.29 (1.13 to 1.47) | <0.001 | 1.25 (0.68 to 2.59) | 0.5 | |
| PASS, yes | 1.03 (0.92 to 1.15) | 0.7 | 0.98 (0.88 to 1.10) | 0.8 | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.14) | 0.6 | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.36) | 0.9 | |
| Number of comorbidities | 0 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||||
| 1 | 1.23 (1.11 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.86 to 1.05) | 0.4 | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.75 to 1.22) | 0.7 | |
| ≥2 | 1.52 (1.36 to 1.71) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.23 to 1.51) | <0.001 | 0.90 (0.70 to 1.21) | 0.5 | |
| Smoking status | Current | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||||
| Previous | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.03 | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) | 0.02 | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.00) | 0.06 | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.24) | 0.6 | |
| Never | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) | 0.002 | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) | 0.3 | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.07) | 0.5 | 0.79 (0.60 to 1.06) | 0.1 | |
| EQ-5D | 0.21 (0.15 to 0.30) | <0.001 | 2.36 (1.72 to 3.25) | <0.001 | 0.009 (0.074 to 0.13) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.25 to 1.12) | 0.09 | |
Statistically significant results are shown with bold types.
*Status before corona lockdown.
†Only patients who used immunosuppressive medication upon lock-down eligible for analysis (N=10 089).
AxSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; bDMARD, biologic disease-modifying agent; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; EQ-5D, European Quality of life, 5 dimensions; PASS, patient acceptable symptom state; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.