Patient characteristics stratified for non-hospitalisation, hospitalisation without ventilation and hospitalisation with invasive ventilation
| Parameter | Non-hospitalised | Hospitalised without invasive ventilation | Hospitalised with invasive ventilation | Total |
| N | 332 (70.9) | 110 (23.5) | 26 (5.5) | 468 |
| General | ||||
| Age (years) | 54 (19) | 66 (21) | 66.5 (15) | 57 (19) |
| Male sex | 111 (33.5) | 35 (31.8) | 13 (50) | 159 (34) |
| Duration of symptoms (days) | 12 (9) | 17 (13) | 32.5 (12) | 14 (13) |
| Smoking | 27 (8.1) | 10 (9.1) | 3 (11.5) | 40 (8.5) |
| Further outcomes | ||||
| Death | 1 (0.3) | 5 (4.5) | 13 (50) | 19 (4.1) |
| ARDS | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 15 (57.7) | 16 (3.4) |
| Sepsis | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 14 (53.8) | 15 (3.2) |
| RMD | ||||
| Moderate/high RMD disease activity | 35 (10.5) | 29 (25.9) | 9 (33.5) | 72 (15.4) |
| RA | 146 (44) | 62 (56.4) | 17 (65.4) | 225 (48.1) |
| Spondyloarthritides | 105 (31.6) | 15 (13.6) | 5 (19.2) | 15 (26.7) |
| Connective tissue diseases/vasculitis | 65 (19.6) | 31 (28.2) | 7 (26.9) | 103 (22) |
| Other RMD diagnoses | 26 (7.8) | 8 (7.3) | 1 (3.8) | 35 (7.5) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| No of comorbidities | 0 (1) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) |
| Arterial hypertension | 92 (27.7) | 48 (43.6) | 16 (61.5) | 156 (33.3) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16 (4.8) | 25 (22.7) | 8 (30.8) | 49 (10.5) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 6 (1.8) | 3 (2.7) | 2 (7.7) | 11 (2.4) |
| Chronic obstuctive pulmonary disease | 7 (2.1) | 12 (10.9) | 6 (23.1) | 25 (5.3) |
| Asthma | 31 (9.3) | 9 (8.2) | 1 (3.8) | 41 (8.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (2.7) | 21 (19.1) | 2 (7.7) | 32 (6.8) |
| Cancer | 11 (3.3) | 11 (10) | 1 (3.8) | 23 (4.9) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 59 (17.6) | 25 (22.4) | 5 (18.5) | 88 (18.8) |
| Diabetes | 27 (8.1) | 18 (16.4) | 3 (11.5) | 48 (10.3) |
| Osteoporosis | 19 (5.7) | 14 (12.7) | 1 (3.9) | 34 (7.3) |
| No comorbidity | 154 (46.4) | 19 (17.3) | 3 (11.5) | 176 (37.6) |
| Therapy | ||||
| No DMARD | 58 (17.5) | 26 (23.6) | 5 (19.2) | 89 (19) |
| csDMARD mono | 137 (41.3) | 49 (44.5) | 7 (26.9) | 193 (41.2) |
| tsDMARD | 11 (3.3) | 6 (5.5) | 2 (7.7) | 19 (4.1) |
| bDMARD | 126 (38) | 29 (26.4) | 12 (46.2) | 167 (35.7) |
| TNFi | 91 (27.4) | 13 (11.8) | 2 (7.7) | 106 (22.6) |
| ABA | 4 (1.2) | 3 (2.7) | 1 (3.8) | 8 (1.7) |
| B-cell depletion | 10 (3) | 7 (6.4) | 7 (26.9) | 24 (5.1) |
| IL1i | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
| IL6i | 6 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (7.7) | 10 (2.1) |
| Other ILi | 14 (4.2) | 4 (3.6) | 0 | 18 (3.8) |
| Glucocorticoids | 103 (31) | 59 (53.6) | 18 (69.2) | 180 (38.5) |
| Glucocorticoids ≤5 mg/day | 91 (27.3) | 42 (38.2) | 12 (46.2) | 145 (30.9) |
| Glucocorticoids >5 mg/day | 12 (3.7) | 17 (15.5) | 6 (23.1) | 35 (7.6) |
| Other RMD medication | 6 (1.8) | 11 (10) | 4 (15.4) | 21 (4.5) |
| NSAID | 84 (25.4) | 23 (21.3) | 3 (11.9) | 111 (23.7) |
| Anti hypertension drugs | 67 (20.2) | 35 (31.8) | 15 (57.7) | 117 (25) |
For continuous variables, median (IQR) is given, for categorical variables, N (%) is given. The following numbers of missing values exist: 88 (18.8%) for duration of symptoms, 51 (10.9%) for obesity, 31 (6.6%) for disease activity state, 1 for glucocorticoid dose (0.6%, among patients receiving glucocorticoids) and 33 (7.1%) for non-steroidal antirheumatic agents. Absolute numbers may be rounded for some variables due to multiple imputation. Collagenoses include Sjögren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, mixed collagenoses, overlap_collagenoses and polymyositis/dermatomyositis/inclusion body myositis. Other RMD include fibromylagia, sarcoidosis, TRAPS, FMF and adult-onset Still’s disease. Other RMD medication include colchicine, mesalazine, and mucofenolate.
ABA, abatacept; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; bDMARD, biological DMARD; BMI, body mass index; csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; IL, interleukin; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RMD, rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease; TNFi, tumour necrosis factor inhibitor; tsDMARD, targeted synthetic DMARD.