Overview of technological platforms in candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2
| Platform | Advantage | Vaccine type | Vaccine name | Developers | Stage |
| Inactivated | Well established manufacturing process | Purified whole SARS-CoV-2 components | CoronaVac | Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China | Phase III |
| New Crown COVID-19 | Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Phase III | |||
| BIBIBP-CorV | Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm | Phase III | |||
| Nucleic acid | Rapid and low cost manufacturing | Lipid-encapsulated mRNA | mRNA1273 | Moderna/NIAID | Phase III |
| bNT162b2 | BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer | Phase III | |||
| Self-amplifying mRNA | LNP-nCoVsaRNA | Imperial College London | Phase I | ||
| Plasmid DNA with medical device | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute | Phase I/II | ||
| Viral vector | Robust cellular and humoral vaccine immunity | Chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | AstraZeneca/University of Oxford | Phase III |
| Human adenovirus type 5 | Ad5-nCoV | CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology | Phase III | ||
| Human adenovirus type 26 | Ad26.COV2-S | Janssen Pharmaceutical companies | Phase III | ||
| Vesicular stomatitis virus | IIBR-100 | Israel Institute for Biological Research | Phase I/II |
Adopted from Ura et al.51
mRNA, messenger RNA.