Table 1

Patient characteristics

N%Median (IQR)
Patients333
Death114
Age, years71 (62–77)
 <6510431.2
 65–7410932.7
 ≥7512036.0
Female21063.1
RA and PMR5215.6
Psoriatic arthritis and spondylarthritis00.0
Primary vasculitis syndrome11634.8
Systemic lupus erythematosus4914.7
Inflammatory myositis6018.0
Systemic sclerosis133.9
Others4312.9
Concomitant ILD12236.6
Admission to an advanced treatment hospital9428.2
Bronchoscopy3610.8
Intensive care management3711.1
Ventilator use8324.9
Length of hospital stay after starting PCP treatment, days33 (4–37)
Glucocorticoid therapy
Concomitant glucocorticoid use32296.7
Glucocorticoid pulse therapy10330.9
Antibiotics for PCP
ST monotherapy21464.3
Others11935.7
PTM group8024.0
 PTM monotherapy328.4
 ST → PTM4814.4
ATO group298.7
 ATO monotherapy92.7
 ST → ATO206.0
 Other combinations103.0
Adjunctive therapy
Gamma-globulin319.3
Albumin4012.0
Empiric antibiotic therapy24573.6
Antifungal drugs11033.0
Anticytomegalovirus drugs5616.8
  • ATO, atovaquone; ILD, interstitial lung disease; PCP, pneumocystis pneumonia; PMR, polymyalgia rheumatica; PTM, pentamidine; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ST, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.