Characteristics and prevalence of traditional CVRFs in men in the survey population (n=1705)
| Gout | PsA | RA | AS | P value | |
| Total (n) | 691 | 328 | 355 | 331 | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 70.3 (11.7) | 56.3 (12.2) | 68.1 (11.8) | 51.6 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Age groups, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–39 | 11 (1.6) | 32 (9.8) | 13 (3.7) | 77 (23.3) | |
| 40–59 | 103 (14.9) | 166 (50.6) | 55 (15.5) | 137 (41.5) | |
| 60–79 | 427 (61.8) | 123 (37.5) | 242 (68.2) | 109 (33.0) | |
| 80+ | 150 (21.7) | 7 (2.1) | 45 (12.7) | 7 (2.1) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| ≤12 years | 407 (58.9) | 204 (62.2) | 259 (73.0) | 178 (53.8) | <0.001 |
| >12 years | 267 (38.6) | 117 (35.7) | 91 (25.6) | 146 (44.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.0 (4.4) | 27.2 (3.7) | 26.6 (3.8) | 26.5 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n (%) | 154 (22.3) | 58 (17.7) | 49 (13.8) | 56 (16.9) | 0.004 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 295 (42.7) | 173 (52.7) | 130 (36.6) | 158 (47.7) | <0.001 |
| Ever | 376 (54.4) | 152 (46.3) | 222 (62.5) | 168 (50.8) | <0.001 |
| Current | 40 (5.8) | 25 (7.6) | 42 (11.8) | 42 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
| ≤3 hours per week | 393 (56.9) | 149 (45.4) | 184 (51.8) | 141 (42.6) | <0.001 |
| >3 hours per week | 280 (40.5) | 175 (53.4) | 167 (47.6) | 185 (55.9) | <0.001 |
| Total sitting time, n (%) | |||||
| <7 hours per day | 338 (48.9) | 170 (51.8) | 210 (59.2) | 174 (52.6) | 0.040 |
| ≥7 hours per day | 336 (48.6) | 155 (47.3) | 140 (39.4) | 153 (46.2) | 0.040 |
| Sedentary§, n (%) | 227 (32.9) | 81 (24.7) | 89 (25.1) | 77 (23.3) | 0.002 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 443 (64.1) | 136 (41.5) | 163 (45.9) | 104 (31.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 157 (22.7) | 34 (10.4) | 52 (14.6) | 18 (5.4) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 218 (31.5) | 56 (17.1) | 75 (21.1) | 41 (12.4) | <0.001 |
| Minimum number of CVRF*, n (%) | |||||
| Minimum 1 CVRF* | 575 (83.2) | 223 (68.0) | 257 (72.4) | 197 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 2 CVRFs* | 390 (56.4) | 105 (32.0) | 137 (38.6) | 91 (27.5) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 3 CVRFs* | 193 (27.9) | 45 (13.7) | 54 (15.2) | 36 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 4 CVRFs* | 69 (10.0) | 15 (4.6) | 17 (4.8) | 11 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| cs-DMARD†, n (%) | N/A | 229 (69.8) | 273 (76.9) | 85 (25.7) | <0.001 |
| b-DMARD‡, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 93 (28.4) | 76 (21.4) | 134 (40.5) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 47 (6.8) | 111 (33.8) | 100 (28.2) | 160 (48.3) | <0.001 |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 23 (3.3) | 16 (4.9) | 82 (23.1) | 9 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 456 (66.0) | 111 (33.8) | 179 (50.4) | 88 (26.6) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetics, n (%) | 131 (19.0) | 24 (7.3) | 42 (11.8) | 11 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering, n (%) | 236 (34.2) | 51 (15.5) | 95 (26.8) | 33 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Urate-lowering therapy (allopurinol), n (%) | 341 (49.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Comparisons across diagnoses with analysis of variance and χ2 tests
*BMI ≥30 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, current smoking, total sitting time ≥7 hours per day+physical activity ≤3 hours per week.
†Salazopyrin, methotrexate, Arava and apremilast.
‡Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, tocilizumab, sekukinumab, rituximab, abatacept, anakinra and ustekinumab.
§Total sitting time ≥7 hours per day+physical activity ≤3 hours per week.
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; b-DMARD, biologic DMARD; BMI, body mass index; cs-DMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; CVRF, cardiovascular risk factor; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ATC-code (M01A); PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.