Characteristics and prevalence of traditional CVRFs in the entire survey population (n=2896)
| Gout | PsA | RA | AS | P value | |
| Total (n) | 868 | 699 | 742 | 587 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 691 (79.6) | 328 (46.9) | 355 (47.8) | 331 (56.4) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 71.3 (11.9) | 56.6 (13.2) | 66.8 (13.1) | 51.1 (14.8) | <0.001 |
| Age groups, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–39 | 13 (1.5) | 75 (10.7) | 35 (4.7) | 139 (23.8) | |
| 40–59 | 118 (13.6) | 327 (46.8) | 151 (20.4) | 254 (43.5) | |
| 60–79 | 521 (60.0) | 277 (39.6) | 457 (61.6) | 182 (31.2) | |
| 80+ | 216 (24.9) | 20 (2.9) | 99 (13.3) | 9 (1.5) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| ≤12 years | 526 (60.6) | 388 (55.5) | 492 (66.3) | 281 (47.9) | <0.001 |
| >12 years | 311 (35.8) | 298 (42.6) | 237 (31.9) | 293 (49.9.) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.2 (4.6) | 27.4 (4.6) | 26.2 (4.3) | 26.2 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Obesity, BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n (%) | 214 (24.7) | 161 (23.0) | 113 (15.2) | 100 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 392 (45.2) | 320 (45.8) | 312 (42.0) | 310 (52.8) | 0.001 |
| Ever | 443 (51.0) | 370 (52.9) | 420 (56.6) | 268 (45.7) | 0.001 |
| Current | 49 (5.6) | 83 (11.9) | 93 (12.5) | 61 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
| ≤3 hours per week | 499 (57.5) | 337 (48.2) | 408 (55.0) | 260 (44.3) | <0.001 |
| >3 hours per week | 334 (38.5) | 351 (50.2) | 322 (43.4) | 319 (54.3) | <0.001 |
| Total sitting time, n (%) | |||||
| <7 hours per day | 469 (54.0) | 418 (59.8) | 473 (63.7) | 342 (58.3) | 0.001 |
| ≥7 hours per day | 399 (46.0) | 281 (40.2) | 269 (36.3) | 245 (41.7) | 0.001 |
| Sedentary§, n (%) | 276 (31.8) | 158 (22.6) | 184 (24.8) | 131 (22.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 561 (64.6) | 283 (40.5) | 322 (43.4) | 172 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 197 (22.7) | 72 (10.3) | 80 (10.8) | 28 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 279 (32.1) | 121 (17.3) | 140 (18.9) | 64 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Minimum number of CVRFs*, n (%) | |||||
| Minimum 1 CVRF* | 719 (82.8) | 481 (68.8) | 524 (70.6) | 339 (57.8) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 2 CVRFs* | 498 (57.4) | 248 (35.5) | 269 (36.3) | 145 (24.7) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 3 CVRFs* | 254 (29.3) | 110 (15.7) | 101 (13.6) | 52 (8.9) | <0.001 |
| Minimum 4 CVRFs* | 88 (10.1) | 34 (4.9) | 31 (4.2) | 16 (2.7) | <0.001 |
| cs-DMARD†, n (%) | N/A | 450 (64.4) | 554 (74.7) | 147 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| b-DMARD‡, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 173 (24.7) | 166 (22.4) | 210 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 61 (7.0) | 275 (39.3) | 215 (29.0) | 291 (49.6) | <0.001 |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 30 (3.5) | 54 (7.7) | 167 (22.5) | 27 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 575 (66.2) | 239 (34.2) | 330 (44.5) | 144 (24.5) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetics, n (%) | 164 (18.9) | 51 (7.3) | 62 (8.4) | 21 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering, n (%) | 290 (33.4) | 101 (14.4) | 155 (20.9) | 53 (9.0) | <0.001 |
| Urate-lowering therapy (allopurinol), n (%) | 428 (49.3) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Comparisons across diagnoses with analysis of variance and χ2 tests.
*BMI ≥30 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, current smoking, total sitting time ≥7 hours per day+physical activity ≤3 hours per week.
†Salazopyrin, methotrexate, Arava and apremilast.
‡Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, tocilizumab, sekukinumab, rituximab, abatacept, anakinra and ustekinumab.
§Total sitting time ≥7 hours per day+physical activity ≤3 hours per week.
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; b-DMARD, biologic DMARD; BMI, body mass index; cs-DMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; CVRF, cardiovascular risk factor; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ATC-code (M01A); PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.;