Quartiles of energy-adjusted food intake | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend* |
Total fibre | |||||
Median, g/day† | 8.55 | 9.43 | 12.19 | 17.70 | |
Cases/ person-years | 528/2 75 050 | 712/280 456 | 767/284 394 | 809/287 955 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.21) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.26) | 1.18 (1.05 to 1.32) | 0.003 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | 1.11 (0.99 to 1.24) | 0.088 |
Grain products‡ | |||||
Median, g/day† | 374.45 | 420.21 | 507.04 | 793.28 | |
Cases/person-years | 744/289 413 | 808/283 836 | 684/280 047 | 580/274 558 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.18) | 0.93 (0.83 to 1.03) | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.02) | 0.024 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.06) | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.110 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.98 to 1.21) | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.06) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.06) | 0.120 |
Legumes | |||||
Median, g/day† | 0.11 | 0.43 | 2.11 | 7.01 | |
Cases/ person-years | 638/ 80 170 | 754/278 001 | 756/280 407 | 668/289 275 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.87 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.06) | 0.84 (0.76 to 0.94) | <0.001 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.09) | 0.94 (0.84 to 1.06) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.96) | 0.004 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.06) | 0.86 (0.76 to 0.96) | 0.004 |
Nuts and seeds | |||||
Median, g/day† | 0.51 | 0.65 | 1.38 | 5.14 | |
Cases/ person-years | 687/284 256 | 689/280 907 | 773/278 760 | 667/282 854 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.75 to 0.94) | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.87 (0.78 to 0.97) | 0.033 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.92) | 0.90 (0.08 to 1.01) | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98) | 0.175 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.74 to 0.93) | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.03) | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.00) | 0.246 |
Soy food | |||||
Median, g/day† | 43.60 | 61.05 | 98.94 | 197.60 | |
Cases/ personyears | 568/276 720 | 725/2 79 030 | 760/283 782 | 763/288 322 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) | 1.05 (0.93 to 1.17) | 1.04 (0.93 to 1.16) | 0.742 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.13) | 0.717 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.18) | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.12) | 0.494 |
Fruits | |||||
Median, g/day† | 57.47 | 114.79 | 194.87 | 369.31 | |
Cases/ person-years | 579/270 253 | 677/278 859 | 762/286 424 | 798/292 317 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.21 (1.08 to 1.35) | <0.001 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.10) | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.20) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 0.037 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.11) | 1.07 (0.96 to 1.20) | 1.08 (0.96 to 1.21) | 0.134 |
Vegetables | |||||
Median, g/day† | 59.58 | 76.87 | 106.49 | 170.56 | |
Cases/person-years | 544/271 912 | 678/280 181 | 761/285 676 | 833/290 085 | |
Multivariate model 1 | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.14) | 1.06 (0.95 to 1.19) | 1.13 (1.01 to 1.26) | 0.011 |
Multivariate model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 1.01 (0.91 to 1.14) | 1.05 (0.94 to 1.17) | 0.332 |
Multivariate model 3 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.90 to 1.13) | 1.00 (0.89 to 1.12) | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.15) | 0.738 |
Multivariate model 1: adjusted for age at interview, sex, year of interview, total energy intake, dialect and education level.
Multivariate model 2: model 1 plus body mass index, sitting duration, sleep, physical activity, smoking, history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and stroke.
Multivariate model 3: model 2 plus grain products, legumes, nuts and seeds, soy food, fruits and vegetables (except the exposure of interest).
*Linear trend was tested by assigning to participants the median value of the quartile they belonged to and treating this as a continuous variable.
†Fibre food sources are shown in energy-adjusted units using the residual method.
‡The grain products included noodles and pasta, rice, bread and pancakes, breakfast cereals, biscuits and crackers.
Q, quartile.