Events, risk, and crude incidence rate for patients with IJD and matched general population comparator subjects, alongside HRs and 95% CIs comparing IJD to matched general population comparator subjects for outcomes hospitalisation listing COVID-19 and death from COVID-19
| Events (N), risk (%) | Crude incidence rate, per 100 person-years | Unadjusted HR* | Adjusted HR† | ||||
| IJD | Comparators | IJD | Comparators | ||||
| IJD | |||||||
| Hospitalisation, COVID-19 | Overall | 1090 (0.94) | 2735 (0.53) | 0.24 | 0.14 | 1.78 (1.66 to 1.91) | 1.33 (1.23 to 1.43) |
| Wave 1 | 560 (0.49) | 1388 (0.27) | 0.40 | 0.22 | 1.80 (1.63 to 1.98) | 1.34 (1.21 to 1.49) | |
| Wave 2 | 455 (0.40) | 1198 (0.24) | 0.33 | 0.20 | 1.70 (1.53 to 1.90) | 1.29 (1.15 to 1.44) | |
| Death, COVID-19 | Overall | 377 (0.33) | 815 (0.16) | 0.08 | 0.04 | 2.07 (1.83 to 2.33) | 1.23 (1.08 to 1.40) |
| Wave 1 | 167 (0.15) | 384 (0.08) | 0.12 | 0.06 | 1.94 (1.61 to 2.32) | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.42) | |
| Wave 2 | 193 (0.17) | 404 (0.08) | 0.14 | 0.07 | 2.14 (1.80 to 2.54) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.51) | |
| RA | |||||||
| Hospitalisation, COVID-19 | Overall | 693 (1.25) | 1525 (0.66) | 0.33 | 0.17 | 1.93 (1.77 to 2.11) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) |
| Wave 1 | 361 (0.66) | 779 (0.34) | 0.54 | 0.28 | 1.96 (1.73 to 2.22) | 1.36 (1.20 to 1.56) | |
| Wave 2 | 280 (0.52) | 666 (0.29) | 0.43 | 0.24 | 1.80 (1.56 to 2.06) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) | |
| Death, COVID-19 | Overall | 297 (0.54) | 564 (0.24) | 0.14 | 0.06 | 2.23 (1.94 to 2.57) | 1.30 (1.12 to 1.51) |
| Wave 1 | 136 (0.25) | 277 (0.12) | 0.20 | 0.10 | 2.07 (1.69 to 2.54) | 1.24 (1.00 to 1.54) | |
| Wave 2 | 147 (0.27) | 272 (0.12) | 0.23 | 0.10 | 2.30 (1.88 to 2.81) | 1.32 (1.07 to 1.64) | |
| Other IJD | |||||||
| Hospitalisation, COVID-19 | Overall | 397 (0.66) | 1212 (0.43) | 0.17 | 0.11 | 1.53 (1.37 to 1.72) | 1.29 (1.15 to 1.46) |
| Wave 1 | 199 (0.33) | 609 (0.22) | 0.27 | 0.18 | 1.53 (1.30 to 1.79) | 1.29 (1.09 to 1.52) | |
| Wave 2 | 175 (0.30) | 532 (0.19) | 0.24 | 0.16 | 1.54 (1.30 to 1.83) | 1.33 (1.12 to 1.59) | |
| Death, COVID-19 | Overall | 80 (0.13) | 251 (0.09) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.92) | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.27) |
| Wave 1 | 31 (0.05) | 107 (0.04) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 1.35 (0.91 to 2.02) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.33) | |
| Wave 2 | 46 (0.08) | 132 (0.05) | 0.07 | 0.04 | 1.63 (1.16 to 2.28) | 1.09 (0.77 to 1.53) | |
Note that results defined ‘overall’ follow patients from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2021, and thus events cannot occur prior to wave 1. Wave1=1 March–30 June 2020, wave2=1 October 2020–31 January 2021.
HRs estimated from Cox proportional hazards models.
*Unadjusted accounts for age, sex and region via matching.
†Adjusted models are additionally adjusted for history of comorbidities (cancer, diabetes, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, lung disease, kidney failure, stroke, surgery and venous thrombotic event), highest educational achievement, country of birth, marital status and number of hospitalisation days (previous year and previous 10 years).
IJD, inflammatory joint disease; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.