Differences in MRI, X-ray and US outcomes of the distal interphalangeal joints and components of the synovial-entheseal-complex in PSA compared with OA and PSO with corresponding 95% CI
| PsA mean (SE) | Diagnosis | Mean (SE) | Mean difference | 95% CI | P value | |
| US Extensor tendon thickness, mm | 0.669 (0.013) | OA | 0.673 (0.025) | −0.004 | −0.059 to 0.051 | 0.878 |
| PsO | 0.682 (0.027) | −0.013 | −0.072 to 0.056 | 0.677 | ||
| US Flexor Tendon thickness, mm | 0.846 (0.022) | OA | 0.888 (0.043) | −0.042 | −0.138 to 0.054 | 0.392 |
| PsO | 0.871 (0.047) | −0.025 | −0.128 to 0.079 | 0.644 | ||
| US nail matrix thickness, mm | 2.061 (0.055) | OA | 2.119 (0.107) | −0.058 | −0.297 to 0.181 | 0.630 |
| PsO | 2.016 (0.117) | 0.045 | −0.211 to 0.301 | 0.727 | ||
| US nail bed thickness, mm | 1.769 (0.051) | OA | 1.704 (0.1) | 0.065 | −0.157 to 0.287 | 0.565 |
| PsO | 1.964 (0.108) | −0.195 | −0.432 to 0.042 | 0.106 | ||
| US nail thickness, mm | 0.631 (0.014) | OA | 0.612 (0.027) | 0.019 | −0.041 to 0.080 | 0.523 |
| PsO | 0.673 (0.029) | −0.042 | −0.106 to 0.023 | 0.202 | ||
| US flow Max ratio | 0.329 (0.024) | OA | 0.338 (0.047) | −0.009 | −0.113 to 0.095 | 0.863 |
| PsO | 0.389 (0.051) | −0.060 | −0.172 to 0.051 | 0.287 | ||
| US flow Min ratio | 0.148 (0.017) | OA | 0.121 (0.034) | 0.027 | −0.048 to 0.102 | 0.481 |
| PsO | 0.196 (0.037) | −0.049 | −0.129 to 0.032 | 0.231 | ||
| US synovial hypertrophy (0–3) | 0.520 (0.067) | OA | 1.019 (0.130) | −0.499 | −0.790 to −0.209 | 0.001 |
| PsO | 0.318 (0.142) | 0.202 | −0.109 to 0.513 | 0.201 | ||
| US Doppler signals (0–3) | 0.030 (0.021) | OA | 0.135 (0.047) | −0.105 | −0.194 to −0.015 | 0.023 |
| PsO | 0.045 (0.044) | 0.030 | −0.111 to 0.081 | 0.750 | ||
| US erosions (0–3) | 0.140 (0.027) | OA | 0.096 (0.053) | 0.044 | −0.073 to 0.161 | 0.460 |
| PsO | 0.023 (0.057) | 0.117 | −0.008 to 0.243 | 0.067 | ||
| US new bone formation (0–3) | 0.530 (0.056) | OA | 1.442 (0.110) | −0.912 | −1.158 to −0.667 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.295 (0.120) | 0.235 | −0.028 to 0.497 | 0.079 | ||
| MRI synovial hypertrophy | 0.482 (0.066) | OA | 1.271 (0.123) | −0.789 | −1.067 to 0.510 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.389 (0.142) | 0.093 | −0.219 to 0.406 | 0.553 | ||
| MRI tenosynovitis | 0.381 (0.060) | OA | 0.833 (0.113) | −0.452 | −0.709 to −0.196 | 0.001 |
| PsO | 0.500 (0.131) | −0.119 | −0.407 to 0.169 | 0.441 | ||
| MRI periarticular inflammation | 0.673 (0.755) | OA | 1.563 (0.140) | −0.890 | −1.206 to −0.573 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.725 (0.153) | −0.052 | −0.393 to 0.288 | 0.759 | ||
| MRI bone marrow oedema | 0.387 (0.138) | OA | 1.917 (0.259) | −1.530 | −0.157 to 0.287 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.250 (0.270) | 0.137 | −0.470 to 0.744 | 0.654 | ||
| MRI erosions | 0.197 (0.069) | OA | 1.271 (0.129) | −1.074 | −1.365 to −0.782 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.091 (0.134) | 0.106 | −0.195 to 0.408 | 0.484 | ||
| DCE-MRI flow ME*nVOXEL | 1062.886 (110.177) | OA | 879.622 (193.744) | 183.264 | −247.983 to 614.510 | 0.399 |
| PsO | 699.788 (202.359) | 363.098 | −83.617 to 809.813 | 0.109 | ||
| DCE-MRI flow IRE*nVOXEL | 8.647 (0.983) | OA | 5.322 (1.966) | 3.325 | −1.073 to 7.722 | 0.136 |
| PsO | 11.042 (2.313) | −2.395 | −7.422 to 2.632 | 0.344 | ||
| X-ray erosions (0–3) | 1.163 (0.091) | OA | 2.077 (0.177) | −0.914 | −1.310 to −0.418 | <0.001 |
| PsO | 0.917 (0.184) | 0.247 | −0.162 to 0.656 | 0.233 | ||
| X-ray entheseal change (0–3) | 1.255 (0.081) | OA | 1.731 (0.158) | −0.476 | −0.830 to −0.121 | 0.009 |
| PsO | 0.833 (0.164) | 0.422 | 0.056 to 0.788 | 0.024 |
Bold values are statistical significant p≤0.05.
DCE, dynamic contrast-enhanced; IRE, Initial rate of enhancement; ME, maximum enhancement; OA, osteoarthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PsO, skin psoriasis; US, ultrasound.