Patient characteristics | SLE (n=349) |
Female | 303 (87) |
Age (years) | 43.7±13.4 |
Duration of SLE (years) | 4 (1–13) |
SLEDAI-2K | 4 (2–8) |
SDI | 1 (0–2) |
BMI | 24.9±5.1 |
Current smoking | 99 (28) |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 120 (35) |
Diabetes | 17 (5) |
ACR 1997 criteria for SLE | |
Malar rash | 135 (39) |
Discoid rash | 65 (19) |
Photosensitivity | 179 (51) |
Oral ulcers | 149 (43) |
Non-erosive arthritis | 206 (59) |
Pleuritis or pericarditis | 90 (26) |
Renal disorder (ever) | 94 (27) |
Neurological disorder (psychosis/epilepsy) | 43 (12) |
Haematological disorder | 175 (50) |
Immunological disorder | 265 (76) |
Positive ANA | 340 (97) |
Current immunosuppressive medication | |
Hydroxychloroquine | 226 (65) |
Prednisolone | 187 (54) |
Azathioprine | 55 (16) |
Methotrexate | 22 (6) |
Belimumab | 2 (1) |
Other* | 11 (3) |
Current organ involvement | |
Major NPSLE | |
Inflammatory | 51 (15) |
Ischaemic | 28 (8) |
Combined | 25 (7) |
Nephritis | 85 (24) |
Arthritis | 17 (5) |
Results are presented as n (%), mean±SD or median (IQR).
*Other: includes cyclophosphamide (n=9) and tacrolimus (n=2).
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; ANA, anti-nuclear antibodies; BMI, body mass index; NPSLE, neuropsychiatric SLE; SDI, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index; SLEDAI, SLE Disease Activity Index.