Table 1

HIV-1 positive patients seen from 2003 to 2007 on anti-TNF therapy

Patient number	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Age at first visit	48	34	31	49	44	39	47	52
Gender	Male	Male	Male	Female	Female	Male	Female	Male
Ethnicity	White	White	Black	Black	Black	Black	Black	White
Rheumatic disease	Seropositive RA plus psoriasis	ankylosing spondylitis (AS)	Peripheral SpA	Peripheral SpA	Seronegative RA	PsA	PsA	PsA
Biologic/JAK inhibitor usage	Currently taking	Taken previously	Not taking	Switched to tocilizumab	Not taking	Not taking	Switched to secukinumab then ustekinumab	Lost to follow-up
Taking cART	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Baseline CD4 (cells/μL)	631	634	745	373	1300	970	365	268
Baseline viral load (copies/mL)	Undetectable	256	Undetectable	Undetectable	Undetectable	27 829	15 667	Undetectable
Duration of anti-TNF treatment	2003–2011, 2016–present	2004	2003–2005	2003–2017	2004–2005	2004–2007	2006–present	2003–2007
Still followed	Current patient	Followed elsewhere after 2006, alive 2021	Last visit 2015	Current patient	Current patient	Last visit 2018	Current patient	Last seen 2015
Lowest CD4 on anti-TNF treatment (cells/μL)	357	634	923	580	1082	750	382	240
Highest viral load on anti-TNF treatment (copies/mL)	103	845	Undetectable	120 000	Undetectable	428 503	<400	Undetectable
Most recent CD4 count (cells/μL)	468	690	535	1026	993	321	1121	417
Most recent HIV viral load (copies/mL)	Undetectable	Undetectable	193	Undetectable	Undetectable	77	Undetectable	Undetectable
Anti-TNF agent used	Etanercept, Adalimumab	Etanercept	Etanercept	Etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab	Etanercept	Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab	Etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab	Etanercept, infliximab
Other biologic/anti-JAK agents used	None	None	None	Tocilizumab	none	none	Secukinumab, ustekinumab	None
Clinical response to therapy	Excellent	Transient	Excellent	Partial	Excellent	Etanercept-transient infliximab-excellent, adalimumab-partial	Adalimumab-no response	Etanercept-no response, infliximab- excellent
Complications of biological treatment	Psoriasis (etanercept)	None	Acute anterior uveitis	None	None	Transient rise in viral RNA, nfusion reaction (infliximab)	Etanercept allergy, Golimumab shingles, Secukinumab allergy	Facial abscess (infliximab)

cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; JAK, Janus kinase; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SpA, spondyloarthritis; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.