ROM, VAS, SPADI and perceived rate of recovery at baseline, 3, 6 and 9 months
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 9 months | |||||||||
| Placebo (n=27) | Active (n=27) | P value | Placebo (n=26) | Active (n=27) | P value | Placebo (n=22) | Active (n=15) | P value | Placebo (n=19) | Active (n=9) | P value | |
| Active abduction (degrees) | 69.1 | 70.1 | 0.836 | 98.8 | 116.8 | 0.016 | 105.0 | 132.3 | 0.002 | 104.5 | 146.1 | 0.001 |
| Active flexion (degrees) | 90.4 | 93.0 | 0.619 | 118.5 | 133.1 | 0.05 | 123.4 | 151.3 | <0.001 | 131.6 | 162.2 | 0.005 |
| Active external rotation (degrees) | 20.3 | 24.5 | 0.185 | 36.7 | 43.9 | 0.092 | 38.1 | 46.7 | 0.134 | 33.7 | 51.7 | 0.004 |
| Passive flexion (degrees) | 98.0 | 105.7 | 0.125 | 129.6 | 138.7 | 0.198 | 133.0 | 153.7 | 0.003 | 138.2 | 165.6 | 0.008 |
| Passive abduction (degrees) | 72.7 | 76.0 | 0.515 | 108.7 | 125.2 | 0.046 | 113.8 | 132.3 | 0.079 | 113.9 | 154.4 | 0.003 |
| Passive external rotation (degrees) | 24.1 | 28.3 | 0.203 | 41.9 | 46.3 | 0.327 | 42.0 | 50.3 | 0.167 | 38.4 | 65.6 | 0.005 |
| Pain VAS (0–10) | 6.4 | 6.1 | 0.705 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 0.047 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 0.005 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 0.109 |
| SPADI pain scale (%) | 71.9 | 64.1 | 0.159 | 46.5 | 26.2 | 0.006 | 52.9 | 25.9 | 0.002 | 39.1 | 14.7 | 0.028 |
| SPADI disability scale (%) | 64.2 | 63.4 | 0.895 | 44.5 | 23.8 | 0.006 | 47.4 | 16.4 | <0.001 | 39.4 | 9.4 | 0.012 |
| SPADI total score (%) | 67.2 | 63.1 | 0.465 | 45.2 | 24.7 | 0.004 | 50.0 | 20.0 | <0.001 | 39.2 | 11.5 | 0.012 |
| Patient perceived rate of recovery | 3.9 | 4.3 | 0.128 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 0.026 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 0.003 | |||
ROM, range of motion; SPADI, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.